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Niel de Beaudrap
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These words are in practice synonyms, but suggest different ways in which we consider what's going on.

  • "Construct" suggests thinking of a FREDKIN gate as a subroutine, which you realise as a composition of more primitive operations.

  • "Simulate" suggests the idea that there is some model (eg. conservative reversible computation) for which FREDKIN is a primitive, and which you are realising by other operations in some other model (eg. quantum computation, or reversible but not necessarily conservative computation) in which it is not a primitive.

The second viewpoint is particularly useful when you consider operations which are being realised using a protocol which succeeds only under certain circumstances, or which is only realised up to some probability of error or up to some precision.

Niel de Beaudrap
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