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Timeline for Controlled U gate with arbitrary U

Current License: CC BY-SA 4.0

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Nov 11 at 7:44 comment added DaftWullie $1+e^{i\theta}=e^{i\theta/2}(e^{-i\theta/2}+e^{i\theta/2})$. The global factor disappears in the norm.
Nov 9 at 16:55 comment added Daniel Hoekwater We can simplify $\cos\theta^2+\sin\theta^2+2\cos\theta+1$ to either $4\cos(\frac{\theta}{2})^2$ or $2(\cos\theta + 1)$, so our answer becomes either $a^2\cos^2\frac{\theta_1}{2}+b^2\cos^2\frac{\theta_2}{2} = a^2(\cos^2\frac{\theta_1}{2}-\cos^2\frac{\theta_2}{2})+\cos^2\frac{\theta_2}{2}$ OR $\frac{1}{2}(a^2(\cos\theta_1+1)+b^2(\cos\theta_2 + 1) = \dfrac{a^2(\cos\theta_1 - \cos\theta_2) + \cos\theta_2 + 1}{2}$
Nov 9 at 16:51 comment added Daniel Hoekwater I used a more roundabout method, but I arrived at the same solution: $\frac{1}{4}(|a(1+e^{i\theta_1}|^2+|b(1+e^{i\theta_2})|^2) = \frac{1}{4}(|a(1+e^{i\theta_1})|^2||u_1\rangle|^2+|b(1+e^{i\theta_2})|^2||u_2\rangle|^2)=\frac{1}{4}(|a(1+e^{i\theta_1})|^2|+|b(1+e^{i\theta_2})|^2|)$.
Nov 9 at 16:40 comment added Daniel Hoekwater Thank you! I was trying to work it out in matrix form, which was where I ultimately went wrong. I think I understand all your steps here except for one: how did you go from $1+e^{i\theta_1}$ to $e^{-i\theta_1/2}+e^{i\theta_1/2}$?
Nov 9 at 16:35 vote accept Daniel Hoekwater
Nov 4 at 8:25 history answered DaftWullie CC BY-SA 4.0