This is an important result in Quantum Computing because it means that the Hamiltonian of a Quantum System can be encoded as a sequence of real numbers and their corresponding Pauli Operator.
How do we prove this result?
(Note I am assuming that the Hermitian is of size $2^n \times 2^n$, and so by Pauli Operator I mean n-fold tensor products of the 2x2 Pauli Matrices)