# Tag Info

## Hot answers tagged quantum-operation

24 votes
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### Significance of The Church of the Higher Hilbert space

The church of the larger (or higher, or greater) Hilbert space is just a trick that some people like (myself included) for rewriting some operations. The most general operations that you can write ...
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24 votes

### If all quantum gates must be unitary, what about measurement?

Unitary operations are only a special case of quantum operations, which are linear, completely positive maps ("channels") that map density operators to density operators. This becomes obvious in the ...
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21 votes
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### How does the vectorization map relate to the Choi and Kraus representations of a channel?

One way to understand the relationship between the Choi representation of a channel and its possible Kraus representations is to use the vectorization map. Suppose that we have two finite-dimensional ...
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19 votes

### Twirling Quantum Channels: Pauli and Clifford Twirling

Definitions Denoting the Haar measure of some function $f\left(x\right)$ over $d$-dimensional unitaries as $\int_{\mathrm U\left(d\right)}f\left(x\right)d\mu\left(x\right)$, twirling some arbitrary ...
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15 votes

### If all quantum gates must be unitary, what about measurement?

Short Answer Quantum operations do not need to be unitary. In fact, many quantum algorithms and protocols make use of non-unitarity. Long Answer Measurements are arguably the most obvious example of ...
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12 votes

### If all quantum gates must be unitary, what about measurement?

At risk of going off-topic from quantum computing and into physics, I'll answer what I think is a relevant subquestion of this topic, and use it to inform the discussion of unitary gates in quantum ...
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12 votes
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### What is the "complementary map" of a channel with given Kraus decomposition?

Let's start by finding a complementary channel for any channel given by a Kraus representation $$\Phi(X) = \sum_{k=1}^n A_k X A_k^{\dagger}.$$ To make the necessary equations clear, let us assume ...
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11 votes
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### Proof of an Holevo information inequality for a classical-classical-quantum channel

It appears that the statement is not true in general. Suppose $X = Y = \{0,1\}$, $\mathcal{H}$ is the Hilbert space corresponding to a single qubit, and $W$ is defined as \begin{align} W(0,0) & = |...
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11 votes
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### Is the Kraus representation of a quantum channel equivalent to a unitary evolution in an enlarged space?

This question is posed, and answered positively, in Nielsen & Chuang in a subsection of chapter 8 entitled "System-environment models for and operator-sum representation". In my version, it can be ...
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11 votes
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### What does it mean "less than identity" in the operator sum representation?

Matrix inequalities of the form $A\ge B$ should be read as $$A-B\ge 0\ ,$$ which in turn means that all eigenvalues of $A-B$ are larger or equal than zero. In the given case, $M\le I$ means that ...
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11 votes
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### What is the relationship between Choi and Chi matrix in Qiskit?

( I copied some text from a previous answer of mine) Defining the Choi and $\chi$ matrix The Choi matrix is a direct result of the Choi-Jamiolkowski isomorphism. Some intuition on what this is can be ...
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10 votes
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8 votes

### Significance of The Church of the Higher Hilbert space

"Church of the higher hilbert space" is a term coined by John Smolin. According to quantiki it is: for the dilation constructions of channels and states, which [...] provide a neat characterization ...
• 3,359
8 votes

### Is acting with a positive map on a state not part of a larger system allowed?

Any map which is not Completely Positive, Trace Preserving (CPTP), is not possible as an "allowed operation" (a more-or-less complete account of how some system transforms) in quantum mechanics, ...
• 11.4k
8 votes

### If all quantum gates must be unitary, what about measurement?

There are several misconceptions here, most of them originate from exposure to only the pure state formalism of quantum mechanics, so let's address them one by one: All quantum operations must be ...
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8 votes
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### What's the difference between Kraus operators and measurement operators?

Quantum measurement (without results recording) is just a special case of quantum operation (quantum channel). So, yes, measurement operators (as in general measurement formalism) are indeed Kraus ...
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8 votes
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• 16.7k
7 votes

### What quantum channels are considered in quantum communication, and how does this choice affect the construction of error correction codes?

First let me mention a minor point concerning terminology. The type of channel you are suggesting is often called a Pauli channel; the term depolarizing channel usually refers to the case where \$p_x = ...
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