New answers tagged nielsen-and-chuang
2
If the density matrices commute then there exists a joint spectral decomposition of both $\rho$ and $\sigma$. I.e. there exists a unitary $U$ and diagonal positive semidefinite matrices $D_{\rho}$ and $D_{\sigma}$ such that
$$
\rho = U D_{\rho} U^\dagger \qquad \text{and} \qquad \sigma = U D_{\sigma} U^\dagger.
$$
Note that here you are diagonalizing two ...
2
The extra transformation $U_{\mathrm{env}}$ is equivalent to choosing a new basis for the environment states $$|l\rangle\to U_{\mathrm{env}}^\dagger |l\rangle.$$ This is the same freedom as the freedom to choose the basis for $|l\rangle$; equivalently, your question is whether there is additional freedom between the choices
$$\Pi_l=(I\otimes \langle l|)U(I\...
2
Given any unit vector, $v\equiv |v\rangle\in\mathcal X$ for some finite-dimensional complex vector space $\mathcal X$, the operator $vv^\dagger\equiv|v\rangle\!\langle v|$ defined by
$$|v\rangle\!\langle v|\equiv v v^\dagger\in \operatorname{Lin}(\mathcal X),
\\ (vv^\dagger)(w)\equiv (|v\rangle\!\langle v|)(|w\rangle) \equiv v \langle v,w\rangle,$$
is a rank-...
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