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We can use the SWAP test to determine the inner product of 2 states $|\phi\rangle$ and $|\psi\rangle$. The circuit is shown below The state of the system at the beginning of the protocol is $|0\rangle \otimes |\phi \rangle \otimes |\psi \rangle$. After the Hadamard gate, the state of the system is $|+\rangle \otimes |\phi \rangle \otimes |\psi \rangle$. The ...

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How is back-propagation done through the classical weights feeding into the quantum unitaries? In this particular case, the gradient of the quantum variational circuit is computed using the parameter-shift rule. The parameter-shift rule allows us to compute the gradient by simply evaluating linear combinations of the variational circuit under study, so ...

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As far as I understand from the paper, eq. (13) gives $U_l$ as a product of two qubit unitaries, independently of $l(z)$. Then the authors present two cases, subset parity and subset majority, and derive their specific $U_l$. Thus I guess your classification problem will need its own specialization of eq. (13). If you get an acceptable accuracy with the ...

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