# Questions tagged [fidelity]

In quantum information theory, fidelity is a measure of the "closeness" of two quantum states. It expresses the probability that one state will pass a test to identify as the other. The fidelity is not a metric on the space of density matrices, but it can be used to define the Bures metric on this space. (Wikipedia)

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### Approximate Cloning

Question Consider two single qubit states $\left\{|\alpha_0\rangle,|\alpha_1\rangle\right\}$ which are not orthogonal or parallel, i.e. $\left|\langle\alpha_0|\alpha_1\rangle\right|\ne0,1$. ...
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### How are eavesdroppers detected when using BB84 in the presence of noise?

I would like to expand upon this question: What is the probability of detecting Eve's tampering, in BB84? Let's say that when the receiver (colloquially referred to as Bob) receives a qubit and ...
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### Prove the fidelity can be written in terms of Pauli expectation values as ${\rm tr}(\rho\sigma)=\sum_k \chi_\rho(k)\chi_\sigma(\rho)$

I am reading through "Direct Fidelity Estimation from Few Pauli Measurements" and it states that the measure of fidelity between a desired pure state $\rho$ and an arbitrary state $\sigma$ ...
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### What is the connection between Bures metric and (finite) Bures distance?

The Wikipedia page discussing the Bures metric introduces it as the Hermitian 1-form operator $G$ defined implicitly by $\rho G+G\rho = \mathrm d\rho$, and which induces the corresponding Bures ...
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### What is a stabilizer state?

I am reading through the paper "Direct Fidelity Estimation from Few Pauli Measurements" (arXiv:1104.4695) and it mentions 'stabilizer state'. "The number of repetitions depends on the ...
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### Clarification on Watrous' proof of Alberti's theorem on the fidelity function

I am reading John Watrous' quantum information theory book. In the proof of Theorem 3.19 (practically the Alberti's theorem on the characterization of the fidelity function) he claims the following ...
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### How do the extra energy levels of a transmon qubit affect computation/fidelity?

I was reading about transmon qubits, and I know that they are not true two-level systems. Are there any math/papers which talk about how those extra energy levels affect the computation? I'm assuming ...
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### How does $F(\psi, \phi) = [\sum_{x}\sqrt{p(x)q(x)}]^{2}$ [duplicate]

From Quantum Information Theory by Mark Wilde, pg 243 asks to show that $F(\psi, \phi) = [\sum_{x}\sqrt{p(x)q(x)}]^{2}$, which is described as the Bhattacharyya overlap, or classical fidelity, between ...
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### Simulate a quantum channel with a certain fidelity

I am looking for an easy-to-use framework for simulating a quantum channel that can accept the desired average fidelity of the channel as input. For example, if I want a channel with 98% average ...
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### How to Aggregate Multiple Gate Fidelities

The fidelity of a qubit is nicely defined here and gate fidelity as "the average fidelity of the output state over pure input states" (defined here). How can one combine the fidelies of two (...
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### Calculating fidelity for mixed states: are there tricks or it is "brute force" calculations?

The fidelity between two density matrix $\rho$ and $\sigma$ is the following: $$F(\rho,\sigma)=\operatorname{Tr}\left[\sqrt{\sqrt{\rho} \sigma \sqrt{\rho}} \right]^2$$ If one of the two state is a ...
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### What does quantum gate fidelity mean?

The formal definition states that it's the distance between two quantum states. What does that mean experimentally? Does distance here mean the distance between two states on the Bloch Sphere? I am a ...
### Is the quantum min-relative entropy $D_{\min}(\rho\|\sigma)=-\log(F(\rho, \sigma)^2)$ or $D_{\min}(\rho\|\sigma)=-\log(tr(\Pi_\rho\sigma))$?
In John Watrous' lectures, he defines the quantum min-relative entropy as $$D_{\min}(\rho\|\sigma) = -\log(F(\rho, \sigma)^2),$$ where $F(\rho,\sigma) = tr(\sqrt{\rho\sigma})$. Here, I use this ...