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5

Answer to edited question: It's still not true for qubit systems. Consider these two unit vectors, both of which are entangled: $$|\phi\rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} | 00\rangle + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} | 11\rangle,\\ |\psi\rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} | 01\rangle + \frac{i}{\sqrt{2}} | 10\rangle.$$ Let $\rho = |\psi\rangle\langle \psi |$, which of course is not ...

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This is certainly how theorists think of this being done. I don't know if there's an experimental reality to compare this to. Whether they actually decompose it in terms of the eigenvectors, or find some other terms to decompose it as. Just as an example of what I mean, let  W=\left(\begin{array}{cccc} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & ...

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Dariusz Chruscinski has provided me with an example of a particular such entanglement witness. It takes the form \left( \begin{array}{cccccccccccccccc} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & -1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & -1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & -1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 &...

1

We have, \begin{aligned} S &= - \operatorname { Tr } \left( \varrho \log _ { 2 } \varrho \right) = \log _ { 2 } \left( \frac { \left| \gamma _ { B } \right| ^ { \left( 2 \left| \gamma _ { B } \right| ^ { 2 } \right) / \left( \left| \gamma _ { B } \right| ^ { 2 } - 1 \right) } } { 1 - \left| \gamma _ { B } \right| ^ { 2 } } \right) = \...

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