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For questions related to spontaneous parametric down conversion. SPDC, parametric fluorescence or parametric scattering is a nonlinear instant optical process that converts one photon of higher energy (namely, a pump photon), into a pair of photons (namely, a signal photon, and an idler photon) of lower energy, in accordance with the law of conservation of energy and law of conservation of momentum. (Wikipedia)

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State produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC)

The existing answer does a good job at describing the state that comes from a SPDC configuration at low conversion efficiency, but it's also worth noting that the single-photon behaviour is not all there … Type I SPDC only produces single-mode squeezed vacua, if I understand correctly) but the higher-order terms will generally always occur. …
Emilio Pisanty's user avatar