Questions tagged [quantum-gate]
For questions regarding usage, performance, implementation, application or theory related to quantum gates
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1answer
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Building a matrix corresponding to the teleportation circuit
I'm trying to build the matrix that corresponds to this quantum teleportation circuit, but it never works when I test it in the quirk simulator, I tried finding the matrix corresponding to every part ...
2
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1answer
32 views
CNOT gate - control qubit is in superposition
If a control qubit is in superposition, how it will affect target qubit if it is collapsed or in superposition? Is it true that CNOT works only if the control bit collapsed to 1? Also, is it possible ...
4
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1answer
67 views
Construction of ${R_n(\theta)}$ using only the Hadamard and ${\pi/8}$ gates
In the "Quantum Computation and Quantum Information 10th Anniversary textbook by Nielsen & Chuang", they claim that Eqn(4.75) is a rotation about the axis along the direction
( ${cos(\pi/8)}$, ${...
3
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1answer
30 views
What's the notion of input size for Quantum Verification?
I've been looking into $\mathsf{QPIP}_\tau$ as a complexity class. The following will be a summary of definition 3.12 in Classical Verification of Quantum Computations by Urmila Mahadev.
A language ...
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1answer
35 views
Is it possible to see how CompositeGates are decomposed when simulated using XmonSimulator?
I'm simulating a circuit like this:
...
2
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1answer
72 views
A quantum circuit with entanglement with Eve
I'm trying to work through a self-made exercise, which may be ill formed as a question. Any general advice in dealing with these types of problems is also much appreciated!
I'm looking at a quantum ...
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2answers
68 views
Implementing gate with two parameters using Qiskit in Python
I am trying to implement the HHL algorithm (for solving $Ax=b$). I am assuming $A$ to be unitary and Hermitian so that I can find the Hamiltonian simulation for it easily.
For any $A$ to be Hermitian ...
4
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1answer
82 views
Unitary gate(s) from product of exponent
Often unitary gates are defined as a product of exponentials, with some parameter in the power-term. However, often it is not clear how to construct unitary gates from it, at least not for me that is. ...
3
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1answer
56 views
How to obtain Y rotation with only X and Z rotations gates?
Let's say you have a system with which you can perform arbitrary rotations around the X and Z axis. How would you then be able to use these rotations to obtain an arbitrary rotation around the Y axis?
...
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2answers
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How to properly write the action of a quantum gate implementing an operator $U$ on the superposition of its eigenvectors?
Let's say, that we are in the possession of a quantum gate, that is implementing the action of such an operator
$$ \hat{U}|u \rangle = e^{2 \pi i \phi}|u\rangle $$
Moreover, let's say, that this ...
3
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4answers
505 views
What circuit or operation corresponds to the tensor product?
What Clifford gate circuit operating on states $|\psi_1\rangle$ and $|\psi_2\rangle$ prepares the state $|\Psi\rangle=|\psi_1\rangle \otimes |\psi_2\rangle$ ?
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1answer
83 views
How to you encode a network as an adjacency-list in the quantum-gate model?
I have a network problem that I believe would be represented as an adjacency-list on a quantum circuit. Typically, the list is up for traversing from various perspectives (e.g., shortest-path between ...
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1answer
85 views
What's the matrix representation of this 3 qubit circuit?
How do I calculate the matrix representation of this part of a teleportation circuit? It must be a matrix of dimension 8.
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69 views
Is it better to use fewer gates or fewer working qubits? [closed]
I have a script that takes a while to simulate. I can modify it in such a way where I can use fewer qubits at a time, but it will require more iterations of manipulation. I believe this will cut down ...
5
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1answer
42 views
Mapping Algebraic Normal Form of Exclusive Sum of Products to Toffoli Network
How does one map an ANF to a toffoli network? Is there a straight-forward procedure for doing this?
For example, given the ANF for the Sum function of an adder:
$$S = A \oplus B \oplus C \oplus ABC$$
...
5
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2answers
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Clarification needed: “Simulation” of $e^{-iHt}$ and its time complexity
On page 3 here it is mentioned that:
However, building on prior works [32, 36, 38] recently it has been
shown in [39] that to simulate $e^{−iHt}$ for an $s$-sparse Hamiltonian
requires only $\...
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0answers
53 views
Circuit to construct a $n$-qubit state which is a superposition of states with only a single qubit being $\lvert1\rangle$ [duplicate]
So the question came up in a book I am working through. Given a circuit with $n$ qubits, construct a state with only $n$ possible measurement results, each of which has only $1$ of $n$ qubits as $1$, ...
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2answers
382 views
Transformation of a Bell state
I am relatively new and interested in quantum computing.
Specifically, I am interested in transforming an equation that I found on Wikipedia. But I did not quite understand the transformation.
$ \...
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1answer
99 views
BB84 attack with entangled qubits example
BB84 attack with entangled qubits example
Hi, I'am interested in an attack for BB84 protocol with entangled quibits.
Lets say Alice sends a qubit $x$ in state $\left|1\right>_x$ to Bob and Eve ...
3
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2answers
60 views
Unitary acting on standard qubit basis properties
If we have a $U$ (unitary with all real entries) such that:
$U|0\rangle =a|0\rangle +b|1\rangle$
What is $U|1\rangle=?$
I know: the definition of what it means to be unitary ie. $U^\dagger U=UU^\...
3
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1answer
133 views
Why is the CNOT gate matrix a valid representation for two-qubit states?
Can anyone explain how the CNOT matrix below is a valid presentation for the four-qubit states that follow after?
...
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1answer
564 views
How to prevent future loops using a control qubit?
I am trying to construct a quantum multiplier using the method described here: https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0403048. However, it seems that the control qubit would only disable the following gates ...
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2answers
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How can the state $\lvert0\rangle+M^{-1/2}\sum_{j=1}^M\lvert j\rangle$ be generated?
I was wondering if anybody to help me to generate the following state.
It would be preferable if you use only Hadamard, CNOT and T-gates, on $\lceil\log_2(M+1)\rceil$ qubits:
$$|\psi\rangle = \frac{1}{...
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2answers
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Why are oracles Hermitian by construction?
$\newcommand{\qr}[1]{|#1\rangle}$In this lecture, it is nicely explained how to define an operator that computes a function $f(x)$. I know how to implement such operators. (We just define $O\qr{x}\...
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1answer
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Matrix representation and CX gate [duplicate]
I am having hard time figuring out how the CX (controlled-NOT) gate is represented in the matrix representation.
I understood that tensor product and the identity matrix are the keys, and I ...
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1answer
62 views
Outcome of Hadamard transformation on a complex state
I would like to calculate the state after a transformation using the Hadamard gate on a complex state. I get stuck mid-calculation, most likely due to not being able to dealing with the global state. ...
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1answer
100 views
How to construct a quantum gate producing 1 if r divides x, 0 otherwise?
If you have two registers in the state $\frac{1}{2^{n/2}} \sum_{x = 0}^{2^{n/2} - 1} |x\rangle |0\rangle$, how could you construct a gate that produces a superposition of states $|x\rangle|1\rangle$ ...
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2answers
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What happens when I input two qubits starting at state $|00\rangle$ into a hadamard gate
I was watching the following video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrbJYsep45E
And around 3 minutes in, they do an example computation with two qubits. The qubits started off in the state $|00\rangle$...
1
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1answer
41 views
Solving a circuit implementing a two-level unitary operation
The circuit below implements the following two-level unitary transformation:
$\tilde{U}$ is a unitary matrix: $\tilde{U} = \left[\begin{matrix} a & c \\ b & d \end{matrix}\right]$
where $a, ...
1
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1answer
76 views
Applying Group Leaders Optimization to Quantum Belief Systems
Context: I am particularly interested in quantum cognition & would like to use a tool like pyZX to perform the following types of optimizations.
In Preparing a (quantum) belief system they "...
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2answers
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How does the stated Pauli decomposition for $\operatorname{CP\cdot A\cdot CP}$ arise?
I'm having a bit of trouble understand @DaftWullie's answer here.
I understood that the $4\times 4$ matrix $A$
$$ \frac{1}{4} \left[\begin{matrix}
15 & 9 & 5 & -3 \\
9 & 15 & 3 &...
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3answers
123 views
What is the matrix for the operator that implements a function to tell the parity of its argument?
$\newcommand{\qr}[1]{|#1\rangle}$ I gave myself the task of building an operator that implements the following function: $f(0) = 0$, $f(1) = 1$, $f(2) = 1$, $f(3) = 0$. I restricted myself to $x$ up ...
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3answers
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What's an example of building a circuit $U_f$ that implements a simple function $f$?
I'd like to be able to program simple functions into simulators such as QCL. I read that any function $f$ can be implemented, but I don't know how to get say a unitary matrix that implements $f$.
$\...
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2answers
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Why does a rotation of $\pi/2$ on $|1\rangle$ yield $i|1\rangle$?
$\newcommand{\q}[2]{\langle #1 | #2 \rangle}
\newcommand{\qr}[1]{|#1\rangle}
\newcommand{\ql}[1]{\langle #1|}$
It seems $V(\pi/2, \qr{1}) = i \qr{1}.$ I didn't expect that. To me $\qr{1}$ points ...
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1answer
77 views
Understanding the Group Leaders Optimization Algorithm
Context:
I have been trying to understand the genetic algorithm discussed in the paper Decomposition of unitary matrices for finding quantum circuits: Application to molecular Hamiltonians (Daskin &...
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3answers
104 views
Calculating measurement result of quantum swap circuit
Consider the following circuit, where $F_n$ swaps two n-qubit states.
If the inital state is $|0\rangle \otimes |\psi\rangle \otimes |\phi\rangle = |0\rangle|\psi\rangle|\phi\rangle$, the state ...
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2answers
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Simulation vs Construction of Fredkin gate with Toffoli gates
I'm working my way through the book "Quantum computation and quantum information" by Nielsen and Chuang. (EDIT: the 10th anniversary edition).
On chapter 3 (talking about reversibility of the ...
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3answers
73 views
$R_z$ gate representations
Why is the $R_z$ gate sometimes written as:
$$
R_{z}\left(\theta\right)=\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0\\
0 & e^{i\theta}
\end{pmatrix},
$$
while other times it is written as:
$$
R_{z}\left(\theta\...
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0answers
52 views
Simulating Read only QRAM (constructing an oracle) [closed]
In many algorithms an array that stores a classical data or quantum data is crucial. The QRAM (quantum random access memory) that stores classical data in the circuit has been done. My question ...
4
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1answer
66 views
Applying CNOT With Local Operations and Two EPR Pairs
Suppose Alice and Bob hold one qubit each of an arbitrary two-qubit state $|\psi \rangle$ that is possibly entangled. They can apply local operations and are allowed classical communication. Their ...
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1answer
66 views
How to apply the outer product operator?
$\newcommand{\q}[2]{\langle #1 | #2 \rangle}
\newcommand{\qr}[1]{|#1\rangle}
\newcommand{\ql}[1]{\langle #1|}
\renewcommand{\v}[2]{\langle #1,#2\rangle}
\newcommand{\norm}[1]{\left\lVert#1\right\...
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1answer
56 views
What quantum gate is XNOR equivalent to?
The standard way to implement a reversible XOR gate is by means of a controlled-NOT gate or CNOT; this is the "standard quantum XOR operation". Physics.Stackexchange
Is there a "standard quantum XNOR ...
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1answer
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How can I decompose a gate into $\{\mathrm{CNOT}, \mathrm{H}, \mathrm{P}(\theta)\}$?
I am working with the set $\{\mathrm{CNOT}, \mathrm{H}, \mathrm{P}(\theta)\}$
where $\mathrm{H}$ is the Hadamard gate, and $\mathrm{P}(\theta)$ is the phase gate with angle $\theta$.
I want to build ...
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1answer
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Qutrit Teleportation
I'm working through Scott Aaronson's Quantum Information Science problemsets, and I'm having trouble with a specific problem. Specifically the following problem:
Here's what I've done: after applying ...
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1answer
56 views
How to say “apply CNOT on q-bit 1 controlled by q-bit 2”?
Say you have $2$ q-bits, namely $q_1, q_2$. What's the right language for saying apply CNOT on $q_1$ and $q_2$ where $q_1$ is the control bit and $q_2$ is the target?
For instance, can I say "apply ...
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1answer
146 views
How would one implement a quantum equivalent of a while loop in IBM QISkit?
I'm writing a simple multiplication algorithm that uses the Quantum Fourier Transform to repetitively add a number (the multiplicand) to itself and decrements another number (the multiplier). The ...
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2answers
115 views
How to create a condition on only one classical bit when we have a total of 2 classic bits in the system
I am trying to make a quantum circuit with one qubit and 2 classical bits for each measurment in the system below:
I want to make condition on the first bit: if the first collapse to zero so x ...
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1answer
171 views
Decomposition of arbitrary 2 qubit operator
As you know, universal quantum computing is the ability to construct a circuit from a finite set of operations that can approximate to arbitrary accuracy any unitary operation.
There also exist some ...
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2answers
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Symmetry in Conditional Phase Shift Gates and Realizing CNOT through HCZH
Why are conditional phase shift gates, such as CZ, symmetrical? Why do both the control and target qubit pick up a phase?
Furthermore, assuming that they are symmetrical, when using a CNOT gate as an ...
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1answer
53 views
What is the significance of recent demonstration of a passive photon–atom qubit swap operation?
In reference to this recent nature article: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-018-0241-6
Specifically, does this warrant a new type of gate?
