Questions tagged [quantum-gate]
For questions regarding usage, performance, implementation, application or theory related to quantum gates.
463
questions
2
votes
1answer
65 views
Does Controlled-U gate entangle qubits?
I've read C-NOT gate entangles qubits, but is it only for C-NOT or any arbitrary CU gate (apart from the likes if CI) entangles qubits?
3
votes
1answer
39 views
$H = e^{i\pi/4} \sqrt{iNOT}$?
In the paper Valley qubit in Gated MoS$_2$ monolayer quantum dot, a description of how a $NOT$ gate would be performed on a qubit in the described device is given.
The authors say that in the ...
1
vote
1answer
63 views
Trying to use matrices for Hadamard and Controlled Not gates
I have the following simple quantum circuit:
This outputs are 00 and 11 for the two qubits. Using matrices, I have applied the H gate to the first qubit (ket 0):
$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\begin{pmatrix}1&...
2
votes
1answer
26 views
It two unitaries are delta apart in trace norm, then what is the trace norm of outputs states when the same input state is applied to two unitaries?
Suppose we are given two unitary matrices $U$ and $V$, with the following guarantee,
$$||U - V||_1 \geqslant \delta$$
for some $\delta \geqslant 0$.
We apply an input density state $\rho$ ...
0
votes
2answers
31 views
How to perform operations like sin over Qiskit parameters
I want to create a parameter dependent gate in qiskit and I need to compute some complex operations as sympy.atan2 or sympy.sin ...
2
votes
1answer
35 views
In Google's Quantum Supremacy experiment, what if we use $\theta=45°$ for two-qubit $f_{sim}$ gates?
In Google's Quantum Supremacy experiment, they use $f_{sim}$(fermionic-simulation) gates with $\theta=90°$ and $\phi=30°$ as their two-qubit gates. What if we use $\theta=45°$ for the two-qubit $f_{...
0
votes
2answers
37 views
How to switch bit in the quantum state?
I want to transform binary representation from one to other. Here, I have 2 registers one act as control register and another is target register with the same number of qubits $n$. Consider $n = 3$ ...
0
votes
1answer
55 views
Quantum Neural Network
I am a newbie to quantum machine learning. I am trying to build a quantum neural network (QNN). What I studied so far about QNN is that input would be qubits and hidden layer parameter can be set ...
1
vote
1answer
26 views
Construct a orale for XOR
I am trying to construct an oracle which should accept 10 or 01 (i.e. $|1\rangle$ should be returned for these input). In the below picture the oracle is between the barrier and after the barrier we ...
2
votes
1answer
38 views
Gate corresponding to $-I$
I am implementing a quantum circuit in Qiskit. I create the equal superposition state
$$
-|00\rangle + |01\rangle + |10\rangle +|11\rangle
$$
but I want to obtain the quantum state
$$
|00\rangle - |...
2
votes
1answer
40 views
Rotations to encode $f(x)$ into ancilla qubit for quantum Monte Carlo
I'm trying to understand the quantum monte-carlo algorithm starting at the most basic version. A key step is rotating (Algorithm 1 p.g 8), an ancilla bit by rotation $R$ with respect to the value of a ...
0
votes
1answer
27 views
Creating Bell states (a question from tutorial)
I was going through a Quantum Computation lecture series on YouTube given by Umesh Vazirani. There in Lecture 6.3 he talks about creating a Bell state using a Hadamard and CNOT gate. He seems to be ...
2
votes
1answer
19 views
S gate vs P gate?
The paper A Fully Fault-Tolerant Representation of Quantum Circuits uses the $P$ gate which is given as:
$$P = \begin{bmatrix}1 & 0\\0 & i\\\end{bmatrix}.$$
Nielsen and Chuang Quantum ...
0
votes
0answers
36 views
Projects to join?
Learning more about tfq and quantum computing technology. Coming from an interest in ML. Any advice on how to contribute/ spectate a quantum machine learning project. Any advice on how to pursue my ...
4
votes
3answers
170 views
Quantum circuit to implement matrix exponential
I want to build a circuit which will implement $e^{iAt}$, where $ A=
\begin{pmatrix}
1.5 & 0.5\\
0.5 & 1.5\\
\end{pmatrix}
$ and $t= \pi/2 $.
We see that $A$ can be written as, $A=1.5I+0.5X$. ...
1
vote
0answers
20 views
Decompose Toffoli gate with minimum cost for IBM quantum computer
The known decomposition of toffoli gate that can be used on IBM quantum computer is :
I want to know any other Toffoli gate decompositions that can be used on IBM quantum computer and have a cost ...
0
votes
1answer
28 views
Qubit in a mix sin/cosine state
The question is pretty simple. How can I get an input qubit $|0⟩$ in the state, say $$\cos{\frac{\pi}{10}}|0⟩ + \sin{\frac{\pi}{10}}|1⟩$$ Or any other sine/cosine mix state? Which gates do I need to ...
1
vote
1answer
139 views
Simple algebraic explanation for normalizing states
I'm wondering how a set of three 0-state qubits, each prepared identically, like so:
When considered together, may produce the fraction:
along with their combined states.
This is the entire circuit....
2
votes
1answer
43 views
Error bound on approximating arbitrary rotation gates
I'm working on the following problem form Nielsen and Chuang (Ex. 4.40) regarding the universality of Hadamard, phase and $\pi/8$ gates for single qubit gates:
For arbitrary $\alpha$, $\beta$,
...
3
votes
2answers
67 views
What is a local operator?
I have a sort of basic question. I think an operator that acts on $n$-partite states is defined (up to permutation of parties) to be local if it can be written as
$$A = A_1 \otimes_{i=2}^n \mathbb{I}...
3
votes
2answers
191 views
How can I fill a unitary knowing only its first column?
I have a unitary matrix that I want to construct. I only care what happens to the first computational state, so the first column is specified. So far, I've been assigning each question mark to a ...
5
votes
1answer
113 views
CNOT gate in ZX-calculus
In ZX-calculus, the CNOT gate is represented by this:
Can someone show my why this is true, using just the basic rewriting rules? All books/papers I have seen simply take it without proof, but I can'...
3
votes
0answers
76 views
Physical implementation of gates on IBM Q
There is a lot of quantum gates in IBM Q Composer, however, only few are implemented physically while others can be composed of them.
When one looks at description of a quantum processor in IBM Q ...
2
votes
0answers
54 views
How does Quantum Teleportation works? [duplicate]
I've started learning Quantum Computing from the Qiskit Textbook and was able to easily understand or work out everything until it came to the working of Quantum Teleportation
I can understand the ...
3
votes
1answer
81 views
How to decompose a multi-target controlled gate?
I'm trying to replicate with qiskit the results of this paper in which basically they implement a quantum version of the Principal Component Analysis applying Quantum Phase Estimation algorithm in ...
1
vote
1answer
43 views
$\sf BQP$ and general $\mathrm{SU}(2^n)$ gates
In his lecture on quantum computing, Scott Aaronson describes polynomial-size quantum circuits,
Now, once we fix a universal set (any universal set) of quantum gates, we'll be interested in those ...
3
votes
0answers
34 views
Why are two qubits gates more noisy?
I would like to understand why two qubit gates are generally more noisy.
If I am interested in single qubit gates, I can have an effective modelling as a master equation:
$$\dot{\rho}=\frac{1}{i \...
2
votes
3answers
49 views
What does the $\sqrt{NOT}$ gate have to do with irreversibility?
In his essay "Why now is the right time to study quantum computing" Aram Harrow writes, after describing the action of the $\sqrt{NOT}$ gate, that:
However, if we apply $\sqrt{NOT}$ a second time ...
3
votes
0answers
61 views
Aproximating unitaries with elements from a t-design
(This is basically a reference request)
I am wondering if there are any results out there on to what accuracy a given unitary can be approximated with an element drawn from a t-design.
To ...
6
votes
2answers
86 views
How to represent an $n$-qubit circuit in matrix form?
If a given quantum circuit has $n$ qubit inputs and a certain number of gates, how can we represent the whole circuit in matrix form? Here's an example:
I am sorry, I am confused on how to express ...
2
votes
2answers
328 views
How does the CNOT gate work?
As defined, CNOT should for the two input states $|0\rangle = \pmatrix{1 \\ 0}$ and $\pmatrix{\alpha \\ \beta}$ should result in the second state unchanged: $\pmatrix{\alpha \\ \beta}$. However, to me ...
3
votes
0answers
32 views
What limits speed of quantum gates?
I would like to check something.
Consider I am working on cQED (superconducting qubits), or ion trapped, or silicon qubits (I would like to exclude "exotic for me" quantum computing like photon based,...
0
votes
0answers
29 views
State fidelity in Qiskit
Can someone provide me an example for finding state fidelity of two circuits?
For example, if I have a Toffoli gate with two different approaches of decomposition then how do I calculate fidelity ...
3
votes
1answer
61 views
General approach for switching control and target qubit
It is well known that circuit
can be replaced with this circuit
The situation is even easier in case of controlled $\mathrm{Z}$ where gate controlled by $q_0$ and acting on $q_1$ have same matrix as ...
1
vote
1answer
44 views
How do I know in which state the qubit is in each step of the circuit for the simulator in qiskit?
I would like to know how to know in which state a qubit is (I am talking about single-qubit errors), because in order to apply a non unitary gate in the simulator I have to renormalize the state or ...
0
votes
1answer
27 views
Interpretation of CNOT after basis-change
Consider the product of gates acting on two qubits:
$$
\begin{pmatrix}
1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\
0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\
\end{pmatrix}
...
2
votes
2answers
71 views
How to read the elements of a circuit in qiskit?
I would like to know if there is a way to read the elements of a circuit. What I mean is if I have a QuantumCircuit object, can I obtain the gates that are applied ...
1
vote
1answer
42 views
computing a quantum circuit by hand (CNOT on non-computational basis states)
I'm trying to compute the state of a particular circuit using Dirac notation but I get stuck after a while .. you can find the circuit there.
The numerical coefficients do not matter and I want to ...
3
votes
1answer
43 views
Exercises on computing by hand quantum circuits
I'm trying to become familiar with manipulation of the Dirac notation.
I want to be able to compute quickly the final states obtained in a small circuit.
Typically, it should include 2 to 5 qubits, ...
3
votes
1answer
53 views
The Clock Speed for the Quantum Computers
Is there a way to look up the clock speed for the different computers?
1
vote
2answers
85 views
Circuit of a very trivial thing
I am writing to double check that if have a hamiltonian of the form $H = I_1 \otimes I_2$, when I seek to find the unitary, $e^{-i\gamma I_1 \otimes I_2}$, there really is no need to convert this into ...
1
vote
1answer
32 views
Toffoli gates with Hadamard coins (QISKIT)
I am creating the following circuit with Qiskit (2Toffoli gates controlled with coins)
And to set the coins for one iteration of the circuit i do the following :
...
1
vote
1answer
77 views
What is the general matrix for the Swap gate?
In section 3.3.2 of this PDF, The general SWAP gate is defined as
$
S (\alpha, \hat{y}) = \begin{bmatrix}
1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
0 & \cos(\alpha/2) & -\sin(\alpha/2) & ...
2
votes
1answer
59 views
How to make circuit of a 32 X 32 matrix?
I have a 32 X 32 matrix show in the picture below and I want to make a circuit for this matrix. Also in the picture below to the matrix picture I have written the each column in bra-ket notation to ...
1
vote
1answer
32 views
What are the different ways of representing unitary gates in terms of the matrix?
What are the different ways of representing unitary gates in terms of the matrix? In other words what would be the two different matrices which on multiplication give you unitary gate matrix?
2
votes
0answers
51 views
How to decompose arbitrary gates in Qiskit? [duplicate]
I have been exploring quantum computing, I have no idea of decomposing arbitrary gates in Qiskit. Can someone help me with an example?
1
vote
1answer
48 views
Achieve a control gate with 2 hadamard coins
I want to implement two Toffoli gates with 4 qubits:
3 serving as control qubits (the 2 hadamard coins and one other qubit) and
the last one as target qubit and 3 qubits (2 coins 1 target qubits) as ...
4
votes
1answer
55 views
What is a “cascade of gates”?
While I'm reading some literature about synthesizing quantum circuit, I couldn't understand what cascades of Toffoli gates means. How Toffoli cascade runs in quantum circuit?
1
vote
0answers
96 views
Decomposition of an arbitrary gate using given matrix in Qiskit
If I have an arbitrary non-unitary matrix of say
$$
U = \begin{pmatrix}
1.5 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 & 0 & 1.6 \\
0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\
0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\
\end{...
1
vote
1answer
117 views
Simpler implementation of the Toffoli gate on IBM Q for special circumstances
On current quantum hardware, a depth of circuit is constrained because of noise. In some cases, results are totally decoherent and as a result meaningless. This is especially true when Toffoli gates ...
