Questions tagged [quantum-gate]
For questions regarding usage, performance, implementation, application or theory related to quantum gates.
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Understanding CNOT gate for indirect measurement
I am trying to write a simple circuit to understand the process of finding the set of parameters such that the cost function of that circuit in question is minimized. For that I understand one has to ...
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3answers
36 views
Controlled Z gate acting on 3 qubits in matrix form
For a controlled Z gate $CZ_{1,2,3}$ acting on 3 qubits, which of the following is correct? If it is the first one then what is the difference between that and a CZ gate acting on qubits 1 and 3?
$$I ...
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1answer
10 views
Bug in IBM backend?
I was trying to see what IBM would do under the hood with a CCNOT gate. Something appears to be erroneous with the run.
The circuit above should produce state 11100 with 100% probability, as ...
5
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1answer
21 views
If the quantum Fourier transform efficient if only one control-phase is allowed in the gate set
I have seen Why can the Discrete Fourier Transform be implemented efficiently as a quantum circuit?. This is not a duplicate.
I am familiar with the decomposition of the QFT from Nielsen&Chuang ...
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2answers
39 views
CX gate with Hadamard
Let's say we got a CX with a Hadamard gate on the control gate and any state at the target gate, will the target necessarily become a superposition of two states?
Best.
3
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1answer
47 views
Implementing a complex circuit for a Szegedy quantum walk in qiskit
Problem definition
I'm implementing a quantum circuit in qiskit for a Szegedy quantum walk, (reference, Fig 21.). It uses two registers of dimension $N$ ($N=3$) each one. The challenges I'm facing ...
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2answers
908 views
Is swap gate equivalent to just exchanging the wire of the two qubits?
Is swap gate equivalent to just exchanging the wire of the two qubits?
if yes why not just switching the wire whenever we want to apply a swap gate?
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1answer
28 views
Perform quantum gate operations using state vectors and matrices
I am getting confused as to how to perform gate operations using matrices and am hoping someone will help me walk through this example.
Say I want to perform a Pauli-X gate on the 3rd qubit in a 3-...
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2answers
50 views
How do I write a tensor product of conditional gates in matrix form?
I am writing a program where I need to find the eigenstates of an operator that is a Kronecker product of conditional quantum gates. I am wondering how I would compute this product in matrix form as ...
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Sequential circuit using quantum gates
Without feedback/loop how can we build a sequential circuit? The basic feature of sequential circuit is that is depends not only on the current inputs but also on the previous inputs/outputs. I've ...
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1answer
55 views
Quantum Fourier Transform without SWAPs
The Quantum Fourier Transform from Nielsen and Chuang chapter 5 is pictured here:
In the textbook the author refers to "swap gates at the end of the circuit which reverse the order of the qubits".
...
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0answers
39 views
How can I express controlled unitary operation in QPE of this implementation of HHL?
I have found this implementation of HHL, and I don't understand why the controlled unitary operation is expressed in the form of $\exp(i t_0 A/2)$ and $\exp(i t_0 A/4)$.
The rotation of $\pi$ and $\...
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2answers
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Expressing CNOT in the eigenbasis of $X$ (Preskill lecture notes eq. 7.6)
In chapter 7, equation 7.6 says CNOT works as follows:
CNOT: $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} (|0\rangle + |1\rangle )\otimes |x\rangle \rightarrow
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} (|0\rangle + (-1)^x |1\rangle ) \otimes |x\...
3
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1answer
48 views
How to implement the XY Heisenberg interaction using IBMQ and Qiskit?
A possible way to implement the 2 qubit Heisenberg XYZ model using a Quantum computer is to decompose the Hamiltonian as follows: $$H_{XYZ} = H_{XY} + H_{YZ} + H_{XZ}$$. In this case, these operators ...
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0answers
44 views
Restoring an initial state after computation
Let me first tell my problem statement. Suppose I have a uniform superposition of states $$|A\rangle=\dfrac{1}{2^{9}}\sum_{i,j,k=0}^{2^6-1}|0\rangle^{\otimes 8}|i\rangle|j\rangle|k\rangle,$$ where $|0\...
3
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1answer
74 views
2-qubit QFT in IBMQ: controlled phase rotation
I've started getting into quantum computing in the last few days.
As part of the learning, I've figured it would be fun to implement some circuits on IBMQ Experience as I learn. So now I'm stuck with ...
4
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0answers
36 views
IBM Q devices scheduling of gates with different durations
I was trying to figure out how scheduling works in IBM devices.
The thing that's bugging me is that in the quantum computer implementations I had seen before, the cycle concept is used. Say, for ...
6
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1answer
57 views
How to decompose a controlled unitary $C(U)$ operation where $U$ is a 2-qubit gate?
In the vein of this question, say I have a 2-qubit unitary gate $U$ which can be represented as a finite sequence of (say) single qubit gates, CNOTs, SWAPs, cXs, cYs and cZs. Now I need to implement a ...
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0answers
51 views
Tensorial notation for this quantum XOR circuit
Suppose I have this quantum XOR circuit; this is a quantum circuit for the classical XOR operation $$\begin{eqnarray*}
x_1'= x_1\oplus x_2\oplus x_3\oplus x_4,\\
x_2'=x_2\oplus x_3\oplus x_4\oplus x_5,...
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1answer
47 views
Quantum operation in blocks
I have $n$ states in superposition $|A\rangle=\dfrac{1}{2^{l/2}}\sum_{i=0}^{2^l-1}\sum_{j=0}^{2^l-1}|0\rangle^{\otimes q}|i\rangle^{\otimes l}|j\rangle^{\otimes l}$. Now I have to apply the transform ...
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1answer
88 views
How to construct a CCY gate in Qiskit
How can one construct a CCY gate using gates which are native to Qiskit (CCX and single qubit gates). I was able to find the answer for CCZ gates, however guessing and testing until I can figure out ...
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1answer
51 views
Are these notations for the CCNOT gate with different controls correct?
Following this answer by @DaftWullie, I give what I think of different cases of the CC-NOT gate:
$I\otimes I\otimes I+ P_0\otimes P_0\otimes(U-I)$ is the CC-NOT operator when the first two controls ...
3
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2answers
117 views
Writing the notation when gates act on non successive registers
Suppose I have registers $|a\rangle^{l}|b\rangle^{l} |c\rangle^{l}$ and want an adder mod $l$ gate between the $a$ and $c$ registers. Let $R$ be the adder mod $l$ gate. So is this the correct ...
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0answers
55 views
Grover diffusion operator different gates
I have two gates here for the Grover diffusion operator. The first gate is completely understandable for me, so I implemented it myself after submitting some papers that I read.
This is the first ...
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1answer
75 views
Most efficient way for general state generation
Assume we are given an $n$-qubit system and complex numbers $a_0, \ldots, a_{m-1}$ with $m = 2^n$. Assume further we start with the initial state $|0 \ldots 0\rangle$ and want to make the ...
3
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1answer
57 views
Permutation of initialized states
Suppose I have an initial state: $$|A\rangle=\dfrac{1}{2^{3l/2}}\sum_{x=0}^{2^l-1}\sum_{y=0}^{2^l-1}\sum_{z=0}^{2^l-1} |x\rangle^{\otimes l}|y\rangle^{\otimes l}|z\rangle^{\otimes l}|0\rangle^{\otimes ...
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2answers
126 views
Transform matrix into a combination of simple quantum gates
I am trying to transform this matrix into a combination of quantum gates but I cannot find any such functionality on Qiskit or anywhere else. I have tried to use Quirk but I do not understand it.
$$\...
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1answer
155 views
Circuit construction and Dirac notation of the following operation
I have a state $$ |\tilde{\Phi_2}\rangle =\dfrac{1}{2^{3l/2}}\sum_{x=0}^{2^l-1}\sum_{y=0}^{2^l-1}\sum_{z=0}^{2^l-1}|0\rangle^{\otimes q}\otimes |x\rangle^{\otimes l}\otimes |y\rangle^{\otimes l}\...
3
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1answer
73 views
Why does a quantum circuit consist of simple quantum gates which act on at most a fixed number of qubits?
While reading the Quantum algorithm Wikipedia entry, I noticed that the sentence "A quantum circuit consists of simple quantum gates which act on at most a fixed number of qubits", was annotated with ...
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1answer
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What applications does the quantum gate [(i,1),(1,i)] have?
I've been working through the great introduction to quantum computing on Quantum Country. One exercise there is to find a possible quantum gate matrix that is not the $X,I$ or $H$ matrix.
I thought ...
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3answers
101 views
What is the spectral decomposition of the Pauli $X$ gate?
The definition of spectral decomposition is as follows:
Assume the eigenvectors of $\hat{A}$ define a basis $\beta=\{|\psi_j\rangle\}$. Then $$A_{kj}=\langle\psi_k|\hat{A}|\psi_j\rangle=\alpha_j\...
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1answer
55 views
Implementing a controlled sum operation
I want to implement a controlled operation that involves the following: we have the following qubits: $|x_0\rangle,|x_1\rangle,|0\rangle,|1\rangle,|z_0\rangle,|z_1\rangle$. I want to add the first ...
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1answer
38 views
Matrix representation of multiple qubit gates (Hadamard transform on single wire)
I would like to know how the unitary matrix for this circuit looks like:
I'm not sure but I would try something like this:
First part:
$\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\0&0\end{pmatrix}\otimes H_1=\...
5
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1answer
119 views
Nielsen and Chuang's proof for 'approximating arbitrary unitary gates is generically hard'
The following statement is found on the page 199 of Nielsen and Chuang's book (10th Anniversary Edition) in the proof for the fact that 'approximating arbitrary unitary gates is generically hard':
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0answers
48 views
Transferring classical OR gate in a quantum gate
I would be interested to know how to transform the classic OR gate into a quantum gate. I thought a little about myself. The OR gate can also be rewritten as a NAND gate:
So, I have now tried to ...
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2answers
86 views
Minimal quantum OR circuit
The quantum OR circuit between $|a\rangle$ and $|b\rangle$ can be made out of 1 Toffoli and 2 CNOT gates, 1 ancillary qubit. Is there any other implementation? Or is this the minimal in the sense of ...
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1answer
106 views
Defining standard qubit gates for qutrits
I am actually working on quantum computing with qutrits. I am trying to define standard qubit gates for qutrits. The CNOT gate for qubits is defined as follows: $$|x,y\rangle \to |x,y+x \bmod 2\rangle....
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1answer
57 views
Order of controls and targets of cnx gates in Qiskit (Python)
In the following piece of code:
cnx(qwc, q[0], q[1],q[2],q[3])
in what order control qubits and target qubit are? Which qubit is inverted for which values of ...
3
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1answer
97 views
How does the cnx gate work in Qiskit (Python)?
Could somebody explain the cnx operator, and how it operates on its qubit parameters to flip the target qubit in Qiskit (Python)?
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1answer
63 views
Cost of implementing Boolean function quantumly?
Say, I wanted to implement a unitary $U_f$ to compute a Boolean function $f:B_n \to B_n$. This is done by the unitary $$U_f|x\rangle | y \rangle =
|x\rangle|y\oplus f(x)\rangle$$ which one can ...
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2answers
59 views
CNOT's control qubit preceded by Hadamard: Why is sqrt also applied to target qubit?
I'm going through the Quantum computing for the very curious (Matuschak & Nielsen) tutorial. The example shows a $\operatorname{CNOT}$ gate where the input of the control bit is preceded by a ...
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4answers
401 views
Controlled Hadamard gate in ZX-calculus
What is the representation of the CH gate in ZX-calculus?
Is there a general recipe for going from a ZX-calculus representation of a gate to the representation of the controlled version?
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1answer
66 views
How to interpret the matrix representation of a quantum gate?
I am trying to understand how the quantum gates work, so I started with the simplest one, the Pauli X gate.
I get that it turns $|0\rangle$ into $|1\rangle$ and $|1\rangle$
to $|0\rangle$.
So my ...
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1answer
30 views
Making a maximally mixed 2-qubit state in the IBM Q
I am trying to make a 2-qubit maximally mixed state $\mathbb{I}/4$ where $\mathbb{I}$ is the identity $4\times 4$ matrix.
I know that, for a maximally mixed 1-qubit state I can use a Hadamard gate, ...
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0answers
59 views
Writing the transformation matrix for the following in terms of Kronecker products of elementary 2-qubit gates
I have a set of transformations that transforms $|11001\rangle\to |10101\rangle$ which is basically keeping the leftmost qubit as it is and then it is just the CNOT between the successive qubits, I ...
3
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2answers
172 views
Square root of CNOT and spectral decomposition of the Hadamard gate
I'm trying to compute the spectral decomposition of the Hadamard gate but I'm making a mistake somewhere.
Note: I believe (though I may be wrong so correct me if I am) that spectral decomposition is ...
3
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2answers
202 views
What does it mean to express a gate in Dirac notation?
When discussing the Dirac notation of an operator, for example, let's just say we have the bit flip gate $X$ if we want to write this in the Dirac notation does that just mean writing it as follows?
$...
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1answer
41 views
Error in showing $\operatorname{CPHASE}_{12}=\operatorname{CPHASE}_{21}$ in the matrix representation
I read that the relation $\operatorname{CPHASE}_{12}=\operatorname{CPHASE}_{21}$ in the matrix representation but when I tried to work it out I don't see how.
$\operatorname{CPHASE}_{12}$ acts in the ...
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2answers
93 views
How should we interpret these quantum logic gates as physical observables?
In quantum mechanics each operator corresponds to some physical observable, but say we have the operators $X,Y,Z,H, \operatorname{CNOT}$. I understand how these gates act on qubits, but what do they ...
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2answers
108 views
Why do we need reversibility?
Suppose we have qubit $|a\rangle$ and we want to implement quantum addition say adding $|a\rangle$ and $|a\rangle$. When drawing the circuit for this operation one of the outputs that we get is ...
