Questions tagged [quantum-circuit]
a model in which a computation is a sequence of quantum gates, which are reversible transformations on an n-qubit register (the quantum-mechanical analog of an n-bit register)
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How to detect and correct swap errors in a quantum circuit?
Let's assume that I have a density matrix $\rho$ that consists of $N$ qubits.
If this density matrix undergoes an error-channel that swaps any two qubits with an equal probability, i.e.
$$
\mathcal{E}(...
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Why do we care about the number of $T$ gates in a quantum circuit?
When reading this question and quickly reading some of the linked papers, I wondered why was the number of $T$ gates specified along the number of controlled-$X$ gates.
I've often read that ...
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Working with higher energy states in Qiskit Experiments
I'm looking at the source code for the Qiskit Experiments module and see that the EFRabi class subclasses the Rabi class with the intent of calibrating rotations between the 1 and 2 states instead of ...
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Optimal decompositions of some standard multi-qubit gates
To have a concrete example in mind: 3-qubit Toffoli gate can be decomposed into 6 $CNOT$s as shown here
I believe this is the most economic decomposition in terms of the number of $CNOT$s used. My ...
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How to create a quantum circuit to implement the same operations but acting on different qubits?
I want the draw the quantum circuit of the following Hamiltonian:
$$H = - 4 \times X\otimes X\otimes X\otimes X - 4\times Z\otimes Z\otimes Z \otimes Z$$.
I have been able to draw the circuits of $ - ...
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What is the relationship between cX gate and measurment?
I'm currently working with the cX gate but I have the question: This gate is a projection to sigmax axis on the bloch sphere if y partially trace the target qubit?
Or i mean, what is the relationship ...
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How to analyze the following quantum circuit?
I'm trying to analyze the following quantum circuit
The goal here is to analyze the final outputs at q3 & q4.
For inputs, at q0 & q1, one of the Bell state
$$|\psi\rangle = \frac{|01\rangle + ...
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Minimum number of 2 qubit gates to build any unitary
Any unitary $U$ acting on $N$ qubits can be decomposed in a finite product $U=U_1U_2...U_n$ where every $U_i$ acts on only 2 qubits, for example through decomposition in CNOT, phase shifts and 1 qubit ...
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Is it possible to use the mitigation process on a teleportation circuit?
Is it possible to use the mitigation process on a teleportation circuit? Sorry, i'm still starting, if someone can get me out of this doubt, I would appreciate it. The circuit I'm trying to make this ...
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Complexity of quantum circuits in a specific protocol
Consider the following simultaneous communication problem. Alice and Bob do not share any
entanglement or any common randomness, and cannot communicate directly with each other. As
inputs, $x$ is ...
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How to design a RF-SQUID qubit by Qiskit Metal?
I am now learning how to use Qiskit Metal to design superconducting circuits. I found that there are only several transmon qubits in the library. Can I design an RF-SQUID qubit by using Qiskit metal?
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Writing circuits in Qiskit using only Clifford and T gates
Is there a way in Qiskit to write my circuit using only Clifford and T gates (CX, S, H, T and I think also $S^\dagger$ and $T^\dagger$)? With the function compile (with aer simulator) it gives me some ...
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Random quantum circuits and general efficient POVM measurement
Let's consider a random quantum circuit $C$, applied to the $n$ qubit initial state $|0^{n}\rangle$, producing the state $|\psi\rangle$.
Consider a general efficiently implementable $m$-outcome POVM ...
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How can one define contextuality within the circuit model?
It is in general believed that contextuality is one of the quantum resource that provides the quantum advantage. A context is usually defined in terms of a set of commuting observables. The quantum ...
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How is quantum transpilation scaled?
While thinking about a quantum transpiler's working I had a pretty basic doubt. Say that we are trying to transpile an $n$ qubit circuit where $n > 100$. What transpiler does is that it first tries ...
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Why does the output from FANOUT appear on the second and third bits?
Figure 1.16: FANOUT with the Toffoli gate, with the second bit being the input to the FANOUT (and the other two bits standard ancilla states), and the output from the FANOUT appearing on the second ...
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How to efficiently construct quantum circuits of oracles in multi-target quantum search?
In standard Grover's quantum search with only one target or its extension of multi-target quantum search, one of the two key parts is to quantize the boolean function
$$f(x):\{0,1,\cdots,N-1\}\...
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Implementation of FANOUT using Toffoli gates
Consider the following implementation of FANOUT using Toffoli gates:
I'm confused about the following statement: "the second bit being the input to the FANOUT and the other two bits standard ...
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Why isn't FANIN required to be able to simulate all other elements in a classical circuit
In Nielsen and Chuang, there's the following paragraph:
The Toffoli gate can be used to simulate NAND gates and can also be used to do FANOUT. With these two operations, it becomes possible to ...
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Quantum Circuits for Time-Series Data
I am currently working with a dataset with autocorrelated features, i.e, x(t) affects the value of x(t+1) which affects the value of x(t+2).
Suppose this is the circuit representing x(t):
Does ...
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1answer
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Can someone explain using H and T gates repeatedly?
The Qiskit textbook says it is used because $R_x$, $R_y$, and $R_z$ are not accurate single qubit rotations.
Can someone elaborate what the repeated $H$ and $T$ gates actually do?
In what scenario ...
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The use of modulo 2 in state representation after CNOT
The following circuit with a CNOT gate has the following effect on a computational basis state $|a, b\rangle$, where all additions are done modulo 2.
Why is the state of the second qubit changed to $...
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Initial state preparation for Hadamard test
I thought I understood Hadamard test but it seems to be shaky.
I understand that to get the expectation value $\langle\psi\ | V^\dagger|{\bf Q}|V|\psi\rangle$ we need to have gate $V$ (in blue) below ...
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Applying a projector or a general nonunitary gate in the middle of a circuit using qiskit
Is there a way to implement a projector gate in a middle of a circuit?. For instance, assuming I have a Bell state $|00\rangle+|11\rangle$, I'd like to apply a projector on the first qubit onto state $...
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Is there an efficient quantum circuit that create a random permuntation matrix?
Suppose we want to generate a random, random according to some probability distribution, unitary permutation matrix that is applied to an input of $n$ qubits. So is there an efficient polynomial time ...
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Getting exponential sequence of coefficients with not so many $T$-gates
Let $\Psi \in (\mathbb{C}^2)^{\otimes n}$ be a $n$-qubit quantum state. In the computational basis, we can write $\Psi$ as
$$\Psi = \sum_{(i_1, \dots, i_n) \in \mathbb{F}_2^n} \Psi_{i_1, \dots, i_n} |...
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How do successive operators act in the Heisenberg picture?
In the Schrodinger picture, it is clear how write a single gate for two operators. For example if operators $A$ then $B$ act on a state $\vert \psi \rangle$, this gives $BA\vert \psi \rangle$, (noting ...
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How does a quantum circuit calculating the inverse of a non-injective function act?
Lets say I have a non-injective function $f()$, adding image for reference. Now lets say I build a quantum circuit to calculate $f^{-1}()$. If the input register has the value $i$, does the output ...
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1answer
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Restrictions on Quantum Gates and Pure Partially Traced Output States
Suppose we have a quantum circuit that contains an arbitrary number of quantum gates and takes as an input more than a single qubit, say three. What are the restrictions on the quantum gates and the ...
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Quantum fourier transform with classical vibrations
Is there any difference in effect between a quantum circuit and a carefully constructed analogue one relying on interference? For example, why couldn't I take a series of $N$ carefully shaped pipes, ...
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Generalized push for $\land_{ab}(X)$ gate
EDIT: In the following I am using the Feynman notation for controlled operations - e.g. $\land_{ab}(X)$ is equivalent to a $CNOT$ with control qubit $q_a$ and target $q_b$. Ultimately, for any single-...
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What is the correlation between Toffoli and a more generic rotation shown in qiskit textbook
Can someone help me understand the correlation between the 2 diagrams in the qiskit textbook.
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Explicit states with high $T$ count
It is well known, that the Clifford $+T$ gate set consisting of the gates $\lbrace H, S, CNOT, T \rbrace$ is universal for quantum computation, that is, for any n-qubit unitary $U:\left( \mathbb{C}^2\...
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Block encoding technique: what is it and what is it used for?
I was wondering if someone could explain to me what this technique called "block encoding" does, and what it is used for at a high level, found in arXiv:1806.01838.
It is in section 4.1, ...
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Is it possible to push back an $H$ gate to a $CZ$ gate?
Given the above scenario. Is it possible to "push back" the $H$ gate operation to occur before $CZ$?
Formally I am looking for some operation $CZ\cdot(U_1\otimes U_2) = H\cdot CZ$.
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Why is depth complexity revelant?
Since gate complexity correspond to the number of gate for a given quantum circuit, it seems that depth complexity bring no more information about quantum complexity than gate complexity. So does gate ...
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Circuit state preparation using amplitude encoding
I am following an example of preparing an input state using amplitude encoding from this book.
How to calculate $\beta_1^1$ using given formula above? In my understanding, $\beta_1^1 = 2\arcsin(\frac{\...
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Why are these two QFT circuits equivalent?
I am new to quantum computing and have been trying to understand the Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT). Through my research using both the Qiskit textbook and other sources, I see differences in how the ...
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Understand the circuit of Normal Distribution
This is the circuit for NormalDistribution(3, mu=1, sigma=1, bounds=(0, 2)). How do I understand what this circuit is doing?
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How do I find the state of each qubit at the end of the circuit?
I have this Quantum Fourier Transform (QFT) and I want to know how to find the final state of each qubit if q0, q1, ...
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How to construct a controlled $V$ gate in qiskit?
I have come across most of the quantum circuit which contains gate such as controlled $V$ and $V^{\dagger}$ but I dont know how to code it in Qiskit.
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Feynman method and polynomial time algorithm for XQUATH
Consider the Feynman algorithm for simulating quantum circuits, as given here.
Consider the XQUATH conjecture for random quantum circuits from here, given by
(XQUATH, or Linear Cross-Entropy Quantum ...
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1answer
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Exercise 4.41 in N&C book QCQI: how can i implement $R_z(\theta)$ using the circuit shown and $Z$?
I'm studying Nielsen and Chuang's book.
I cannot solve one of the questions in the exercise 4.41.
The question is the last one that is
Explain how repeated use of this circuit and Z gates may be used ...
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Query complexity on Quantum Pattern Matching of Mateus Algorithm
I am trying to understand the complexity of the Mateus and Omar algorithm for quantum pattern matching, it is clear to me from the pseudocode that the query complexity is $O(\sqrt{N})$, apart from the ...
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Marginal output probability of first bit for constant-depth circuits
Consider a constant depth $1\text{D}$ quantum circuit, which is applied to the input state $|0^{n}\rangle$, and whose output is measured in the standard basis. You can assume that the gates of the ...
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How to visualize Hadamard gate as $X$-$Z$-$X$ decomposition?
In the book Quantum Computation and Quantum Information by Nielsen and Chuang, chapter 4, exercise 4.4 (pg. 175), the author has asked to express Hadamard gate as product of $R_x$, $R_z$ rotations and ...
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Cascade/Feedforward quantum circuits
I would like to know if it is possible implement the following situation in Qiskit (either using the simulators or real quantum computers).
Consider this illustrative toy example:
The arrows ...
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How can I write unit tests for a pennylane circuit?
I have several mixing unitary circuits written using Pennylane to be used in the QAOA algorithm. Furthermore, I'd like to write unit tests for these mixing circuits to ensure that the code is doing ...
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Transpilation on restricted topology does not yield an equivalent circuit in Qiskit
Here is an MWE: a simple circuit on three qubits with a CNOT acting on qubits 0 and 2. The coupling map prohibits a two-qubit gate between qubits 0 and 2 and so qubit 1 must get involved.
...
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Can an arbitrary circuit be represented using two commands (qsel package)?
I was watching this entertaining video by David Bacon (as in "Bacon-Shor code", Cirq, ...) :
video of talk where he mentions the package he wrote:
(qsel), that describes simulating quantum ...
