Questions tagged [oracles]
An oracle is a "black box" operation (function) that is used as an input to an another algorithm (for example Deutch-Jozsa, Grover etc.). A parameter or feature of the Oracle is infered by the algorithm.
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Oracle for amplitude addition
Assume one is given two oracle circuits providing access to matrices $A_{ij}$ and $B_{ij}$ as follows (see eq. (6.2) here):
\begin{equation}
O_A |0\rangle|i\rangle|j\rangle=\left(A_{ij}|0\rangle+\sqrt{...
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Is there a toy oracle to show the feasibility of Grover's algorithm?
Is there any small 'toy' oracle that can show the feasibility of Grover's algorithm for searching (without using the geometric rotation interpretation)?
It is confusing that we cannot know the ...
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Why can you check for entanglement using the quantum Fourier transform?
I'm reading this paper on quantum random oracles, and I have some fundamental questions about certain statements that seem to be intuitive (but I can't seem to figure it out). My goal is to have a ...
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Is there such a quantum oracle that makes the oracle corresponding to the function sigmoid?
Is there such a quantum oracle that makes the oracle corresponding to the function sigmoid? That is:
${{U}_{f}}|\psi \rangle =\text{sigmoid}(|\psi \rangle )$, where $\text{sigmoid}=\frac{{{e}^{x}}}{\...
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Quantum Fourier Transform on $\mathbb{Z}_R^n$
I am reading Regev's proof of existence of quantum algorithm to sample from a discrete Gaussian distribution given a CVP oracle and I am confused about his calculation of the Quantum Fourier transform ...
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Simon's algorithm circuit with hidden oracle
I am wondering if I have the Output Histogram of a Simon Circuit where the Oracle is hidden, is there a way to reverse engineer or do anything that will make me figure out S "secret"?
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How do we know a "quantum function call" is worth the same amount of time as a "classical function call?"
In quantum and classical algorithms, we often need to do "function calls." Quantum algorithms such as Grover's algorithm or the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm can take a fewer number of function ...
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Implementing the Oracle in Grover
I need your expert opinions/comments on this problem.
Suppose I have a database (say 16 entries), such that db[0] = 0.12, db[1] = 0.84, db[2] = 0.55, ..., db[15] = 0.91. I want the oracle to mark ...
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Implementing a multioutput quantum oracle on Qiskit
A quantum boolean oracle is an operator that should work as follows:
$ \sum_x U_f |x, 0> = \sum_x |x, f(x)>$.
Now, suppose that I have two input qubits and two output qubits and I want to ...
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Implementation for a Translationally Invariant Algorithm
I'm working on inserting an item into a sorted list https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/9901059.pdf.
I would like to know how to implement this formula with Qiskit or just the circuit representing it :
...
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Oracle for searching in a sorted list
I'm working on the algorithm to search an item in a sorted list based on this article: https://web.mit.edu/rsi/www/pdfs/papers/2003/2003-brianj.pdf
I can't see how to make implement this oracle with ...
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How do bitstring oracles work in quantum circuits?
In most diagrams of oracles for basic algorithms such as Deutsch-Jozsa (e.g., https://qiskit.org/textbook/ch-algorithms/deutsch-jozsa.html) the inputs are bitstrings $x$ and $y$, and outputs are ...
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Implementing the Quantum Oracle
Suppose I have a simple function $f(x): 1 + x$ and I want to find $x$ such that $f(x) = 5$, for instance, using the Grover search. Am I correct to say that I will need to implement this function $f(x)$...
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Implementing $a^\dagger|\psi\rangle$
One way or another, I would like to implement the action of the second-quantized creation operator on a quantum state: $|\psi\rangle\mapsto a^\dagger|\psi\rangle$. The motivation, of course, comes ...
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Construct a standard oracle using a phase oracle
Suppose $i \in \{0,1\}^n, b \in \{0,1\}$. Given a phase oracle
$U_{f} |i\rangle = (-1)^{f(i)} |i\rangle$
and its controlled version $CU_f$, it is possible to construct a standard oracle
$U_f' |i\...
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Phase Oracle in Qiskit Solving Satisfiability Problems using Grover's Algorithm Section
In Qiskit Textbook, there is a section on solving satisfiability problems using Grover's Algorithm. For the 3SAT instance
they construct the following phase oracle:
Is there any reasoning behind ...
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Using Quantum Bit String Comparision inside Grover's algorithm
Intro
I am trying to implement a quantum bit string comparator (QBSC) circuit (based on this paper) into a simple Grover's algorithm but I am unfortunately running into issues. The paper has two ...
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Qiskit- Building an oracle to test on Qiskit's Grover
I want to build an oracle with multiple state solutions.
For example:
For n=4 qubits, I want the state solutions to be 1111, 1101, 1110 and 1100.
So, as you can see, in all solutions, there are two ...
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Multiple Values Grover's Algorithm Design Circuit
I am currently working on implementing the oracle with multiple solutions, with the equation as follows:
$|q\rangle \xrightarrow{\text{oracle}} (-1)^{f(x)}|q\rangle$
where $f(x) \leq \delta $ will ...
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How to separate initializing qubits from runing algorithm several times
I have read several papers about quantum computing. It looks like any algorithm consists of several phases. For example in Grover algorithm initially qubits must be initialized from reset state $|0\...
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How to implement a quantum array
I'm trying to implement a quantum array. That is one that stores qubits and can be indexed via qubits.
I can create one that handles setting values fairly easy. Have two registers, one for the ...
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Is this a valid implementation of the balanced Deutsch-Jozsa oracle
Is it correct to implement a balanced Deutsch-Jozsa oracle by CNOTing the first qubit with the last one (the ancilla qubit), it would get you a balanced output.
And if it's valid why is it not ...
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How to efficiently construct quantum circuits of oracles in multi-target quantum search?
In standard Grover's quantum search with only one target or its extension of multi-target quantum search, one of the two key parts is to quantize the boolean function
$$f(x):\{0,1,\cdots,N-1\}\...
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BHT algorithm implementation
Summary of Method
Amplitude Amplification Summary
The BHT algorithm uses amplitude amplification, a nice generalisation of Grover's algorithm, where there is a subset $G\subset X$ of good elements in ...
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Is it possible to convert classical oracle to quantum ones?
If an attacker possesses a classical oracle, so she could apply chosen plain text attacks. Is there an easy way to reduce this oracle to quantum ones allowing her to make quantum chosen plain text ...
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Can we use reversible computation to construct oracle circuits?
One of the question while I discussed with my colleague in the math department was the construction of oracle circuit.
In computer science, specifically in algorithm, we take oracle as granted and ...
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Proving that with probability 1 $NP \nsubseteq BQP$ with respect to random oracles
In the paper Strength and Weakneses of Quantum Computers (https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9701001) by Bennet, Bernstein, Brassard and Vazirani, it is shown the statement in the title (Theorem 3.5 in ...
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How is the oracle physically implemented in Deutsch algorithm?
In the Deutsch algorithm, the oracle implementation for the function f is taken as a black box, but physically, how is the oracle implemented? Why can we assume such a black box exists for the ...
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Can there be different gate implementations of same oracle implementation?
I have been reading about Bernstein-Vazirani Algorithm, and it uses what is known as a phase oracle. Basically, it is CNOT gate with several controls attached to the ancilla qubit $|-\rangle$ (it is ...
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Learning k positions of a Boolean function with a quantum computer
Consider a Boolean function with multiple outputs $f: \{0, 1\}^{n} \rightarrow \{0, 1\}^{m}$, and consider being given oracle access to the function $f$. Let us denote the oracle by $O_f$. For an $x \...
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How can one evaluation of $U_f$ in Grover's algorithm use only one query of $f$?
I am very much new to quantum computation and do not have a background in quantum mechanics, which I believe is at the root of my confusion around Grover's algorithm.
Suppose that we have a search ...
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Quantum Katas - Tutorials - Oracles - Task 3.3 (OR oracle of all bits except for a single bit)
Let $x$ be an arbitrary state composed of $N$ qubits and $k$ be an integer such that $0\leq k \leq N.$
The task is to ignore the $k$-th bit and to flip the sign of $x$ if any of the remaining bits are ...
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Implementing 3-Qubit Grover Algorithm in Qiskit
The Qiskit tutorial on Grover's Algorithm shows an example of finding two marked solutions out of 8 items, produced by 3 qubits. Using the general diffuser code it provides, however, I realize that ...
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In the adiabatic version of Grover's algorithm, how is the Hamiltonian constructed?
X-posted on physics.stackexchange
In quantum computation, there is a famous algorithm to search a marked item in an unstructured database called Grover's algorithm. It achieves a quadratic speedup ...
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How can Grover's algorithm be implemented when having a string or other data type as input?
For some reason, I'm having difficulty with a seemingly very basic component of Grover's. When reading most explanations, the problem is framed as "consider an unstructured database of N items. ...
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In Grover's oracle, how is the matrix $U_f$ derived for a generic $n$?
Grover's algorithm works by iteration of the operator $$\tag{1}G:=U_S^\perp U_f=H^{\otimes n}U_0^\perp H^{\otimes n}.$$
I know how to write down the matrix for $U_S^\perp$ (the inversion about the ...
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Implementing Grover's oracle with multiple solutions in Qiskit
I want to turn a state
$$
|\Psi_1⟩ = \frac{1}{\sqrt{8}}(|000⟩+|001⟩+|010⟩+|011⟩+|100⟩+|101⟩+|110⟩+|111⟩)
$$
into
$$
|\Psi_2⟩ = \frac{1}{\sqrt{8}}(|000⟩+|001⟩+|010⟩+|011⟩+|100⟩-|101⟩-|110⟩+|111⟩)
$$
...
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In Simon's algorithm, is there a general method to define an oracle given a certain periodicity?
I have to implement Simon's algorithm in Cirq. I have problems determining the oracle $f(x)$ defined such that $f(x)=f(x\oplus a)$ from a certain value of $a$.
Given a random $a$, is there a general ...
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Weird Grover's Algorithm Behavior
I am attempting to use Grover's to find elements in an array that satisfy a comparative query (=, <, >, etc). I am using Qiskit, and am using a qRAM to encode my array.
I have experimented with ...
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Grover's algorithm for finding 6/8 states
I'm trying to apply the diffusion operator to this state (normalization factors excluded):
$|000\rangle + |001\rangle - |010\rangle - |011\rangle - |100\rangle - |101\rangle - |110\rangle -|111\...
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Is it possible to construct Grover search from Clifford gates only?
In the article Is Quantum Search Pratical the authors emphasized that a complexity of an oracle is often neglected when advantages of Grover search are discussed. In the end, a total complexity of the ...
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Is Grovers Algorithm Oracle creation a hardware level aspect?
There are numerous questions that asks about practical application demonstration of the Grover algorithm for arrays and databases.
However examples are not seen anywhere.
While searching for its ...
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Is Grover's algorithm only applicable to a pure state?
I've been trying to perform Grover's algorithm on entangled states, e.g. $|00\rangle + |11\rangle$. However, the algorithm apparently doesn't seem to amplify the amplitude of the state $|11\rangle$ ...
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What is the relationship between quantum circuit and quantum query complexities?
I am trying to ascertain a precise understanding of the relationship between the quantum query model of complexity and the quantum circuit model of complexity. Specifically, is there an established ...
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Proof using hybrid method that inverting a permutation requires exponential queries for BQP machines
Let's say I am given a permutation $\sigma$ that maps $n$ bit strings to $n$ bit strings. I want to output $1$ if $\sigma^{-1}(000\cdots1)$ is even and $0$ if $\sigma^{-1}(000\cdots1)$ is odd. It can ...
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Deutsch-Jozsa: why is only one evaluation of $f$ needed? [duplicate]
I might be asking something quite obvious but why is it stated that only one evaluation of $f$ is needed in the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm?
If we have a quantum oracle for $f:\{0,1\}^n\rightarrow\{0,1\}$ ...
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Is there a way to construct a quantum circuit/oracle to check if 2 qubits in an unknown pure state are entangled?
I have 2 qubits which are in an unknown pure state i.e. their density matrix $\rho$ can be expressed as $|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|$.
Let the initial state be $|\psi\rangle = c_{00}|00\rangle + c_{01}|...
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How to implement an Oracle
Often when reading about QC algorithms the Authors assume the existence of an Oracle. I understand this is so that they can focus on the overall structure of the algorithm, and an Oracle can be seen ...
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Recording Quantum Queries
Question is about techniques from this paper. Essentially the paper provides a way to record what queries were asked to a quantum-accessible oracle. We have the oracles: \begin{aligned}
&\text { ...
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Why is the function $f_s(x)=\sum_i x_i s_i \pmod 2$ balanced?
A parity function $f_s:\{0,1\}^{n}\rightarrow\{0,1\}$, for some $s\in \{0,1\}^n$, is a function of the form $f_s(x) = x \cdot s$, where the inner product is taken modulo 2.
Show that $f_s$ is a ...
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