Questions tagged [machine-learning]
For questions about how quantum computing could improve or affect machine learning i.e. quantum machine learning. Questions about classical machine learning belong on another site, such as Stack Overflow, Cross Validated or Artificial Intelligence SE.
145
questions
4
votes
1
answer
85
views
Why is the quantum kernel $\kappa(x,x')=|\langle\phi(x)|\phi(x')\rangle|^2$ defined with a square?
I've always wondered why the quantum kernel method
\begin{equation}\label{QKM1}
\kappa (x,x')=|\langle \phi(x) |\phi(x') \rangle {{|}^{2}}
\end{equation}
must be a square. After reading “Supervised ...
- 436
0
votes
1
answer
45
views
Cannot import tensorflow_quantum module in Colab
I was trying to install the tensor flow quantum module using the one given in their official website but it is showing these errors while installing.
...
1
vote
0
answers
16
views
Pennylane variational classifier demo - need for padding
In the variational classifier demo from Pennylane, the data loading is performed with
...
1
vote
1
answer
57
views
How to determine which embedding method to use for QML?
So there are a lot of feature mapping techniques out there for Quantum Machine Learning, but I'm not sure which one to use for my next VQC.
Can anyone explain when and why to use each of the following?...
- 155
1
vote
0
answers
47
views
The possibility of an image classifier using quantum computer architecture?
Consider an exhaustive database of all contour images that can ever be created on a 16x16 grid. Out of the $2^{256}$ unique possibilities, could a quantum computer classify all the resulting images ...
- 111
2
votes
0
answers
17
views
Question when deriving quantum differential privacy?
I met some problems when trying to derive proposition 4 in the paper Gentle measurement of quantum states and differential privacy.
I know that intuitively, if we act on a single register of ρ, and ...
- 121
0
votes
0
answers
11
views
Quanvolutional NN vs Quantum Convolution NN
There are 2 primary approaches for Image recognition using Quantum Neural Networks: 1. Quanvolutional one and 2. Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks. The primary difference is that in 1 we don't ...
- 121
1
vote
0
answers
40
views
Compatibility of TensorFlow Quantum on Windows
I created a Jupyter file around two years ago that relies on the following packages:
However, it seems that Google has discontinued support for TensorFlow Quantum on Windows. This poses a problem as ...
- 11
2
votes
0
answers
72
views
Comparative analysis of TensorFlow-Quantum, Pennylane, and Qiskit, to implement quantum CNNs
I am currently working on a project wherein I have to implement a Quantum Convolutional Neural Network. The best options for NISQ devices are hybrid algorithms, so I will try integrating quantum ...
- 121
0
votes
1
answer
40
views
Image classification using quantum variational circuit?
Image classification using variational quantum circuit is described in here.
3 image clusters having clearly separable 3 feature coordinates have been chosen to be:
There are classical clustering ...
- 445
2
votes
1
answer
48
views
How the circuit covers the Hilbert Space
I am refreshing my functional analysis knowledge to learn quantum machine learning and I am getting confused on Hilbert spaces. What does it mean for a "circuit to cover the Hilbert Space" I ...
0
votes
1
answer
109
views
How to assign and manipulate Qiskit's TwoLocal ParameterVector?
Below is my code in python where i just show Qiskit's TwoLocal variational circuit model.
...
- 35
2
votes
0
answers
57
views
RealAmplitudes ansatz
Does someone know why RealAmplitudes ansatz is made like this ? I can't find any research paper on it.
Why does it use 4 Ry Gate for one qubit ?
- 286
1
vote
1
answer
159
views
What are the advantages of angle embedding over amplitude embedding?
With $n$ qubits, $2^n$ features can be encoded with amplitude embedding, while only $n$ with angle embedding. So, is there any reason to use angle embedding?
- 111
1
vote
1
answer
66
views
Are there some cases where Grover's algorithm was used to improve machine learning performance?
Grover algorithm showing quantum advantage, are there some cases where it was used to improve Machine Learing performance ?
- 286
5
votes
2
answers
118
views
Simultaneous measurements and Bell basis measurements to estimate $\lvert\text{Tr}(\sigma \rho)\rvert^2$ in Huang et al. paper
Theorem 2 of this paper says if one is able to prepare $\rho^{\otimes k}$ then it is possible to predict expectation values of all $n$-qubit Pauli observables using $O(n)$ number of copies of $\rho$. ...
- 51
1
vote
0
answers
30
views
Quantum Generative Adversarial Network does not converge
I have built a quantum generative adversarial network model, in which the generator and the discriminator, both are quantum based model. The parametrized quantum circuit/ansatz of these two models are ...
0
votes
0
answers
61
views
I am optimising a variational quantum circuit to learn a distribution $p(x)$, but it doesn't converge over a training set $\mathcal{X}$?
I am training a variational quantum circuit to learn distributions: given data $s(\vec{\lambda})$, what is the probability distribution for the parameterisation $\vec{\lambda}$, i.e. the posterior ...
- 89
2
votes
1
answer
173
views
What are QML algorithms using less than 8 qubits and provide a quantum advantage?
So this is more of a soft question.
I've been trying to find some quantum machine learning algorithms can both be run with less than 8 qubits and provide a quantum advantage to classical machine ...
1
vote
0
answers
94
views
Error in Implementing Quantum SVM
I am getting Type error of invalid parameter in base sampler module. From what I know sampler is constructor and doesn't take any parameter values, on the qisit.org tutorial of svm they have even said ...
- 11
3
votes
1
answer
67
views
Data input limitations (size) for QML
I have done quite a few Google/paper searches but did not found an answer.
I would like to test the possibility of speeding up/ improving the accuracy of an existing unsupervised machine learning (...
- 31
2
votes
1
answer
137
views
Which backend does the QSVM run on?
I'm trying to create a QSVM classifier model. I wanted to know which backend the fit() method uses to train the model. I checked on the IBM portal to see if there were any jobs being created, but ...
- 51
3
votes
1
answer
73
views
Graph Limits in Quantum Computing
Lovasz's book Large networks and Graph Limits mentions that their study of graph limits is motivatived applications to quantum computers, statistical physics, and models for the internet. They don't ...
- 51
1
vote
2
answers
241
views
How to convert classical machine learning dataset to quantum dataset?
I'm looking for a way to convert images dataset to quantum dataset format to apply some quantum machine learning algorithms.
Is it possible?
I have read about that and I found it is possible by using ...
2
votes
0
answers
66
views
How can we compute the gradient in a Quantum RNN?
I was looking into implementing a quantum recurrent neural network (QRNN) for a project, but I have some doubts about the computation of the gradient. There are a few papers that have implemented a ...
- 121
3
votes
1
answer
110
views
Advantage of density matrix over vector to form quantum kernel
In Maria Schuld, Supervised quantum machine learning models are kernel methods, Section III.A, on page 6, the third paragraph from the bottom states
While from a quantum physics perspective it seems ...
- 217
2
votes
1
answer
171
views
Hilbert space vs RKHS
I believe in quantum machine learning, it is interesting to talk about RKHS(reproducing kernel Hilbert space) and Hilbert space where a quantum state lives in. How do we think of these two spaces? Are ...
- 427
2
votes
4
answers
97
views
Inference on real hardware using a pre-trained quantum model on a simulator
Being Quantum Computers with more than 5-7 qubits quite expensive (especially IBM's) I was wondering if it makes sense to pre-train a quantum machine learning model on a noisy simulator, store the ...
- 497
0
votes
0
answers
99
views
is there any difference bwtween PCA in qiskit.aqua and PCA in sklearn?
Is there any difference bwtween PCA in qiskit.aqua and PCA in sklearn?
I am working on a data set and did some dimensional reduction on it (using sklearn) to be able to use it in qiskit (near term ...
- 11
1
vote
1
answer
136
views
Using machine learning to determine a good initial mapping for a quantum circuit
I am trying to use a machine learning model to find a good initial mapping for a quantum circuit. I am trying to minimise the number of swap operations i.e. the number of CNOT gates. This is my ...
- 25
6
votes
1
answer
215
views
What's new in Quantum Natural Language Processing (QNLP) w.r.t classical NLP?
I recently discovered Cambridge Quantum people have developed lambeq, a quantum natural language processing high-level library. Before diving into it, I'd like to understand more in detail what ...
- 497
1
vote
1
answer
115
views
Is this Quantum Neural Network overfitting?
In the accuracy graphs (attached the graph images below) shown in this code (Binary Classification for Fraud Detection):
validation loss is greater than training loss
training accuracy is greater ...
- 11
2
votes
1
answer
230
views
Tuning hyperparameters of QSVM
While implementing QSVM algorithm and I am facing some problems.
I followed this tutorial: https://qiskit.org/documentation/stable/0.24/tutorials/machine_learning/01_qsvm_classification.html
While ...
- 307
6
votes
1
answer
348
views
How linear combination of unitaries gradient work (Qiskit, PennyLane)?
I'm trying to implement linear combination of unitaries(LCU) gradient from Qiskit Gradient Framework
but on PennyLane.
First, i looked through the source code in Qiskit.
In Qiskit LCU gradient if we ...
2
votes
0
answers
143
views
How can I change the default mapping function in ZZ feature map?
I am working with QSVM and have been reading a few things about this. I tried QSVM from the qiskit documentation as well. I also went through the link Quantum circuit for the ZZ feature map which ...
- 21
1
vote
0
answers
112
views
Implementing Logistic Regression on IBMQ Hardware
I'm trying to implement a logistic regression inference circuit on NISQ hardware by following some of the proposed approaches below,
[1] Hai-Ling Liu et al.Quantum algorithm for logistic regression. ...
- 53
1
vote
1
answer
318
views
Quantum GAN implementation
Can anyone provide a good link to understand how to implement qgan using pytorch in qiskit. Trying to understand this ( https://qiskit.org/documentation/machine-learning/tutorials/...
- 307
1
vote
1
answer
177
views
Kernel ridge regression with qiskit's FeatureMap shows nonlinear patterns outside [0,1] range
I'm implementing a kernel ridge regressor using qiskit's FeatureMap and QuantumKernel to compute the alpha parameters of the solution. If I try to fit my model with non-normalized features I obtain ...
- 11
1
vote
1
answer
214
views
What are "unbounded loss functions" and "unbounded operators"?
I am reading this paper: Quantum Generative Training Using Rényi Divergences. In it, the authors mention the following multiple times:
"...an unbounded loss function can circumvent the existing ...
- 269
1
vote
1
answer
175
views
How could I choose cost function in Qiskit TwoLayerQNN?
So here is the problem, I've found that in a TwoLayerQNN, the backward gradient is only to minimize the expectation of observable I've chosen. But I'm not going to minimize the predict of the input, ...
- 11
1
vote
1
answer
337
views
Is quantum machine learning faster than classical machine learning (at the moment)?
We all know that quantum computing is rapidly developing and somehow being used in the AI field. However, it seems like there's no specific comparison between quantum machine learning (could be deep ...
- 55
-2
votes
1
answer
88
views
Silicon and Germanium semiconductors mixture in quantum computing
Can Silicon and Germanium semiconductors mixture (chemical reaction) with some other chemical elements (if required) assist in creating new and existing robust electronic components?
Si + Ge + ? + ? =
...
- 105
1
vote
0
answers
71
views
Quantum machine learning: only a boost to computation or something more? [closed]
I'm new in the area and I'm quite curious.
What are the main advantages of quantum machine learning over "classical" machine learning (from sklearn library, for example)?
Is just only a ...
- 11
4
votes
2
answers
531
views
How does the formula for the parameter shift rule change if we measure in the $X$ basis?
I'm studying the parameter shift rule and got stuck when improving an example with Pauli operators in https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.00745.
This paper shows up $\partial_\mu f=\frac{1}{2}(f(\mu+\frac{\pi}{...
- 345
1
vote
1
answer
119
views
Is noise the only reason that makes the results of Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM) and Classical SVM differ, when we use a large dataset?
When I used and tested out the Quantum Support Vector Machine for just 120 samples of a large dataset (Training - 100 and Testing - 20). Its kernel classification results were quite close to the ...
- 345
4
votes
1
answer
172
views
Objective function of Quantum GAN in the paper "Quantum generative adversarial networks"
In this paper about Quantum GANs, the authors do not explain clearly how do they have the equation
$$\newcommand{\tr}{\operatorname{Tr}}\newcommand{\Pr}{\operatorname{Pr}}
V(\vec{\theta}_D, \vec{\...
- 345
5
votes
4
answers
426
views
Software tools to train quantum circuits with parameters
I want to play with the following problem. Given a unitary $U$ with parameters $\theta$ I want to optimize these parameters to make $U$ match some target unitary $V$, i.e. to find $\operatorname{...
- 1,455
4
votes
2
answers
157
views
Are all computational resources reducible to the time resource?
It's well known that in most (if not all?) computations you can trade time and space resources. An extreme example might be creating an infinitely large lookup table of all composites produced from ...
- 1,036
1
vote
0
answers
72
views
Quantum Boltzmann Machine and Gibbs state
I was looking into Quantum Boltzmann Machine and ran into Gibbs State as a part of training.
Since new to this field, it would be good to have good intuitions why Gibbs state is related. Is Gibbs ...
- 991
2
votes
1
answer
272
views
how can we save a model using qiskit_machine_learning?
How can we save a trained model using Qiskit Machine Learning library?
I've built a VQC classification model and once finished, I'd like to save the different models to be loaded later.
There is a <...
- 41