Questions tagged [kraus-representation]
For questions relating to the Kraus decomposition of quantum channels.
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Does the unitary freedom in choice of Kraus operators come from the freedom in the choice of purifications?
Does the unitary freedom in the choice of Kraus operators for a given quantum channel just come from the unitary freedom in choice of purification of a quantum state?
Here's what I'm thinking. If I ...
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What is the adjoint of the complementary channel?
Given a channel $\phi$ with the set of kraus operators; $(K_1, K_2,...,K_n)$, I know the complementary channel is; $\phi^c(A)=\sum_{i,j}tr(K^*_jK_iA)E_{ij}$
what will be the adjoint of this ...
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What are the possible Kraus operators of the identity channel?
Consider a Kraus representation $\{A_a\}_a$ of the identity channel $\mathcal{I}$ that maps any state to itself. Of course, $\{A_a\}_a$ are not the simplest Kraus operators, which would just be $\{I\}$...
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Qiskit: Sum of Kraus operators are not equal to identity matrix
I know that the one of the property of the Kraus Operator is:
So in qiskit, I first converted my array to super operator and then I found my kraus operators. However the sum of kraus operator is not ...
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What is the Stinespring dilation of $T\otimes I$ for some CPTP map $T$?
Let $T: \mathcal{H}_A \rightarrow \mathcal{H}_B$ be a CPTP map with Stinespring extension $U: \mathcal{H}_{A} \rightarrow \mathcal{H}_{B} \otimes \mathcal{H}_E$.
That is $U$ is an isometry such that ...
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What is the technique for calculating $\text{Tr}_b[{U(\rho\otimes\rho_b)U^{\dagger}}]$?
I am stuck on calculating $\mathcal{E}(\rho)=\text{Tr}_b[{U(\rho\otimes\rho_b)U^{\dagger}}]$. For example, in the case when $U$ is the CNOT matrix $$U=\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0\\\ 0 &...
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The result from process matrix to kraus operators and kraus operators to process matrix is not same QUTIP
Here is my process matrix:
...
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Qutip choi_to_kraus and to_kraus functions are not returning list of Kraus representation
I am trying to find my kraus representation from my process matrix.
Suppose that, I have these process matrix:
...
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How to find the Kraus operators from the process matrix?
I am trying to find the Kraus operator from process matrix.
For instance, suppose that for single qubit identity gate, I have the following process matrix:
...
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How to write the Kraus representation for many-qubit states?
The most general formula of Kraus operator on density matrix is:
$$\rho\to \sum_k A_k^\dagger\rho A_k.$$
If I want to write this equation for one qubit, the most general way will be:
$\rho_f = (a^*I+b^...
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What's a "natural" way to show that, for unital channels, $\Phi(X)=X$ iff $[X,A_a]=0$ for all Kraus operators $A_a$?
This is a statement proved in Watrous, Theorem 4.25, page 229 of the online version.
Let $\Phi\in\mathrm C(\mathcal X)$ be a unital channel with Kraus representation $\Phi(X)=\sum_a A_a X A_a^\dagger$....
glS♦
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Is there an upper-bound on the operator norm (max-singular value) of the matrix representation of a quantum channel?
Suppose $\Phi$ is a CPTP map with Kraus operators $\phi_n$, so that $\hat{\Phi} := Σ_n (\phi_n ⊗ \phi_n^*)$ is the matrix representation (here $*$ being entry-wise complex conjugate).
Is there an ...
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Is the composition of two extremal channels also extremal?
In this question, I follow the terminology and notation of the book of Watrous, most notably chapter two.
Extremal channels
An extremal channel $\Phi(X) \in C(\mathcal{X},\mathcal{Y})$ is a channel ...
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Implication of SWAP being not positive in terms of quantum channel
I am going over chapter 3 of Preskill's lecture notes regarding complete positivity. Specifically, on page 19, it is mentioned that since SWAP has eigenstates with eigenvalue -1, it is not positive, ...
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What is the root of the non-trace-preserving bit-flip map
I have a quantum channel defined by the Kraus operators:
$$
U_1 =
\begin{bmatrix}
p & 0 \\
0 & p
\end{bmatrix},\quad
U_2 =
\begin{bmatrix}
0 & p \\
p & 0
\end{bmatrix}
$$
i.e.
$$
U_1\...
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What do commuting quantum channels look like?
Consider two channels, $\Phi,\Psi\in\mathrm C(\mathcal X)$ acting on some space $\mathcal X$, and suppose they commute, that is,
$$\Phi(\Psi(\rho))=\Psi(\Phi(\rho))$$
for all states $\rho$. Can ...
glS♦
- 18.1k
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Special properties of a channel whose Kraus decomposition contains Identity
I would like to know if there are any special properties of channels that permit a Kraus representation that includes an identity? That is, if I am given a Kraus representation of a CPTP map $\Phi$ ...
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Can every unitary on $\mathcal{H}\otimes \mathcal{K}$ be modelled by quantum operations on $\mathcal{H}$?
In section 8.2.3 of Nielsen and Chuang, they discuss how unitary dynamics of a system and environment arise from quantum operations (i.e. Kraus operators $E_k$ such that $\sum_k E_k^*E_k=I$). ...
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Why does a quantum operation being trace-preserving imply that $\sum_k E_k^\dagger E_k=I$?
I am reading Nielsen Chuang Chapter 8. They say that if a quantum operation is trace-preserving, then
\begin{equation}
Tr\left(\sum_k E_k^{\dagger}E_k \rho\right) = 1
\end{equation}
which I understand....
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How does the spectral decomposition of the Choi operator relate to Kraus operators?
In Nielsen and Chuang's QCQI, there is a proof states that
Theorem 8.1: The map $\mathcal{E}$ satisfies axioms A1, A2 and A3 if and only if
$$
\mathcal{E}(\rho)=\sum_{i} E_{i} \rho E_{i}^{\dagger}
$$...
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What is the rank of a quantum channel?
I read the following sentence in a paper:
We consider a quantum channel $\mathcal{E}_{\omega}(\rho)=\sum_{i=1}^{r} K_{i} \rho K_{i}^{\dagger}$ where $r$ is the rank of the channel.
I didn't find the ...
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How does the Kraus decomposition imply the Stinespring representation?
To show that the Kraus decomposition $\Phi(\rho)=\sum_{k=1}^D M_k\rho_S M_k^\dagger$ implies the Stinespring form $$\Phi(\rho)=\text{tr}_E[U_{SE}(\rho_S\otimes|0\rangle\langle 0|_E)U_{SE}^\dagger]$$ ...
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Finding Kraus operators from the output density matrix
I have a question regarding Kraus operators. Any quantum channel can be written in terms of Kraus operators as $E(\rho)= \sum_{i=0}^n K_i \rho K_i^{\dagger}$ where $\rho$ is the initial density ...
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How does the invertibility of a quantum map reflect on its Kraus operators?
Consider a quantum map $\Phi\in\mathrm T(\mathcal X)$, that is, a linear operator $\Phi:\mathrm{Lin}(\mathcal X)\to\mathrm{Lin}(\mathcal X)$ for some finite-dimensional complex vector spaces $\mathcal ...
glS♦
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Is a quantum channel reversible if all Kraus operators are proportional to unitaries?
In preskill's online lecture p.13, he stated that if a channel is reversible, i.e., $\varepsilon^{-1}\circ\varepsilon(\rho)=\rho$ for any $\rho$, then the kraus operator of the quantum channel must be ...
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How is $I(\rho^{QC})=I_{CC}(\rho^{QC})$
On page 3 of this paper, for the proof of theorem 1, it states that, using Lemma 2 from the previous page, that if $$I(\Lambda_{A}\otimes\Gamma_{B})[\rho]=I(\rho))$$ then there exists $\Lambda_{A}^{*}$...
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What properties do Kraus operators of Markovian processes have?
It is well-known that the Kraus operator can describe more kinds of processes than master equations. For example, the master equation cannot describe non-markovian processes while the Kraus operator ...
- 2,398
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Equivalent statement of the unitary freedom of Kraus operator?
There is a well-known form of the unitary freedom of Kraus operators, which can be found in Nielsen's book, stating that two sets of Kraus operators describe the same physical process of the system(...
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Determining whether there exists an equivalent set of unitary Kraus operators
I have a CPTP quantum channel $\mathcal{E}$ that I've characterized by an operator sum representation $\{E_i\}$ for $i=1, \dots, m$ which acts on an input state like
$$
\mathcal{E}(\rho) = \sum_{i=1}^...
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What are examples of Kraus operators describing the process of control error?
Noise, such as photon loss or dephasing, is often described with Kraus operators.
Are there examples of Kraus operators describing the process of control error?
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Can Kraus operators change a mixed state into a pure state?
It seems that Kraus operators cannot change a pure state into a mixed one (wrong). For any pure state can be written as $|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|$, so after the Kraus operators. It becomes $$\sum_l\...
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How to use the Kraus operators to represent the total density matrix instead of the reduced one?
In Nielsen's book, the Kraus operator can be attained by trace out the enviroment:
$$\operatorname{Tr}_{\rm env}[\hat{U}(|\psi\rangle\otimes|0\rangle)(\langle\psi|\otimes\langle 0|)\hat{U}^\dagger].
$$...
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Quantum capacity for serial composition of quantum channels
Recently, I have been working with quantum channel capacity for quantum-quantum channels and I was wondering if there exist some results for channel compositions.
Specifically, I have been looking for ...
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Kraus representation of a convex combination of CPT maps
Let $\Phi_1,\Phi_2$ be CPT maps with Kraus decomposition
\begin{equation}
\Phi_1=\sum_{k=1}^{d_1}M_k\rho M_k^\dagger, \quad \Phi_2=\sum_{k=1}^{d_2} N_k\rho N_k^\dagger, \quad \text{s.t.} \quad \sum_{k=...
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How do I derive Stinespring and Kraus representations of a map such that $\Lambda(\rho)=|0\rangle\langle0|$ for all $\rho$?
Can't find any info on Stinespring dilation so I thought I could post here. If I have a qubit complete positive map $\Lambda$, that maps all inputs to the output $|0\rangle$, $\Lambda(\rho)=|0\rangle\...
user14766
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What is the Kraus representation of the quantum channel with Choi $\lambda |\phi^+\rangle \langle\phi^+| + (1-\lambda )|\phi^-\rangle \langle\phi^-|$?
This matrix
$$c_{\lambda} = \lambda |\phi^+\rangle \langle\phi^+| + (1-\lambda )|\phi^-\rangle \langle\phi^-|$$
is the Choi–Jamiołkowski matrix of a quantum channel for any $\lambda \in [0,1]$.
The ...
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Why does $\sum_n \langle n|M_m\rho M_m^\dagger|n\rangle$ simplify to $\langle \psi|M_m^\dagger M_m|\psi\rangle$?
I was trying to derive the formula for $p(m)$ in exercise 8.2 on page 357 in Nielsen & Chuang. But I am wondering what rule I can apply to simplify this
$$\mathrm{tr}(\mathcal{E}_m(\rho) )= \...
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Derivation of Equation $8.7$ in Nielsen Chuang [duplicate]
Equation \eqref{eq:sp1} represents the reduced state of the system after tracing over environment.(Page number 358)
$$\mathcal{E}(\rho) = \mathrm{tr}_{env}(\lbrack U(\rho \otimes \rho_{env} )U^{\...
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Unitary over bipartite states that can turn a non-product state into a product state
Consider a bipartite quantum state $\rho_{AB}$ over a product of finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces $\mathcal{H}_A \otimes \mathcal{H}_B$. Does there exists a unitary $U$ over $\mathcal{H}_A \otimes \...
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Prove that different Kraus decompositions are related through a unitary, using the Choi isomorphism
I consider a process $\mathcal{E}$ that is at least CP and hermitian preserving.
I know that the Choi matrix then has the form:
$$ M = \sum_k |M_k \rangle \rangle \langle \langle M_k | $$
Where $|M_k \...
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Choi matrix in QETLAB
I am using QETLAB, a package for working with quantum information theory in Matlab and I have some doubts. I am trying to calculate diamond norms using such for some quantum channels. However, when ...
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Qiskit function phase_amplitude_damping_error
I am reading about the noise models that can be simulated in Qiskit and I found out the phase_amplitude_damping_error function. I read about it and it seems to be a function that simulates a combined ...
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How to find the unitary operation of a depolarizing channel?
Suppose we have a depolarizing channel operation
$$E(\rho)=\frac{p}{2}\textbf{1}+(1-p)\rho$$
acting on a Spin$\frac{1}{2}$ density matrix of the form $\rho=\frac{1}{2}(\textbf{1}+\textbf{s}\cdot\...
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Finding the irreducible representation of Kraus operators of a dephasing channel
I would like to understand an example of finding a noiseless subsystem of a quantum channel from the irreducible representation of its Kraus operators.
Assume we have $2$ dephasing channels acting on ...
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Can any channel be written as $\Phi(X)=\operatorname{Tr}_{\mathcal Z}[U(X\otimes \sigma)U^\dagger]$ for any state $\sigma$?
We know that every CPTP map $\Phi:\mathcal X\to\mathcal Y$ can be represented via an isometry $U:\mathcal X\otimes\mathcal Z\to\mathcal Y\otimes\mathcal Z$, as
$$\Phi(X) = \operatorname{Tr}_{\mathcal ...
glS♦
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What is the Kraus representation of quantum-to-classical channels?
As discussed in Watrous' book, quantum-to-classical channels are CPTP maps whose output is always fully depolarised. These can always be written as
$$\Phi_\mu(X) = \sum_a \langle X,\mu(a)\rangle E_{a,...
glS♦
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Can a Kraus representation act as the identity on any operator?
In the textbook “Quantum Computation and Quantum Information” by Nielsen and Chuang, it is stated that there exists a set of unitaries $U_i$ and a probability distribution $p_i$ for any matrix A,
$$\...
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Find the Kraus operators of a combined amplitude and phase damping channel
I am going through the paper Surface code with decoherence: An analysis of three superconducting architectures and I have a doubt about how the authors get what they refer to as the combined channel ...
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How to compute the capacity of a quantum channel from its Kraus operators?
Is there a working rule to compute the capacity of a quantum channel described by a set of Kraus operators $\{K_i\}$?
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Prove that the depolarizing channel is completely positive
In two dimensions, for a density operator $\rho$ and probability $\lambda$, a depolarizing channel can be written as:
$$\mathcal{E}(\rho) = (1-\lambda) \frac{\mathbb{I}}{2} + \lambda\rho$$
In ...
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