Questions tagged [entanglement]
For questions about the principle and application of quantum entanglement. It is a physical phenomenon which occurs when pairs or groups of particles are generated, interact, or share spatial proximity in ways such that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently of the state of the other(s), even when the particles are separated by a large distance—instead, a quantum state must be described for the system as a whole. (Wikipedia)
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Finding separable decompositions of bipartite X-states using the methodology of Li and Qiao
Two recent papers of Jun-Li Li and Cong-Feng Qiao (arXiv:1607.03364 and arXiv:1708.05336) present "practical schemes for the decomposition of a bipartite mixed state into a sum of direct products of ...
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1answer
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What are the ranges of the four $q$ parameters in the magic simplex of Bell states formula?
Equation (7) in the 2012 paper, "Complementarity Reveals Bound Entanglement of Two Twisted Photons" of B. C. Hiesmayr and W. Löffler for a state $\rho_d$ in the "magic simplex" of Bell states
\begin{...
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2answers
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How does the probability of measurement turn out to be negative?
c) Compute $$\text{Prob}(\uparrow_\hat{n}\uparrow_\hat{m}) \equiv \text{tr}(\boldsymbol{E}_A(\hat{n})\boldsymbol{E}_B(\hat{n})\boldsymbol{p}(\lambda)), \tag{4.164}$$
where $\boldsymbol{E}_A(\hat{...
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1answer
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Quantum teleportation with “noisy” entangled state
This is actually an exercise from Preskill (chapter 4, new version 4.4). So they are asking about the fidelity of teleporting a random pure quantum state from Bob to Alice, who both have one qubit of ...
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What proportions of certain sets of PPT-two-retrit states are bound entangled or separable?
For two particular (twelve-and thirteen-dimensional) sets of two-retrit states (corresponding to 9 x 9 density matrices with real off-diagonal entries), I have been able to calculate the Hilbert-...
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Are X-state separability and PPT- probabilities the same for the two-qubit, qubit-qutrit, two-qutrit, etc. states?
On p. 3 of "Separability Probability Formulas and Their Proofs for Generalized Two-Qubit X-Matrices Endowed with Hilbert-Schmidt and Induced Measures" (https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.02289), it is ...
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1answer
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How is the expression for the optimal entanglement witness derived?
In the Bertlmann 2009 paper in the Annals of Physics (here), an optimal witness operator for an entangled state $\rho$, given that the closest separable state to it is $\rho_0$ is given by:
$$A_{\...
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1answer
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What does it mean that copying a state is impossible but creating a copy of by entangling is possible?
Why is it that copying an unknown qubit is impossible but creating a copy of the standard computational basis is possible by entangling it to existing qubits? And why one is possible and the other isn'...
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1answer
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EPR states with permuted qubits
Suppose I prepare following state consisting of (for example) three EPR pairs:
$$\lvert\Psi\rangle = \frac{\lvert00\rangle+\lvert11\rangle}{\sqrt{2}}\otimes\frac{\lvert00\rangle+\lvert11\rangle}{\...
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1answer
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What do entanglement cost and distillable entanglement have to do with measuring entanglement?
So far what I have learned is that von-Neumann entropy is a tool to measure or quantify information and therefore entanglement for a given pure state system. However, similar concepts emerge from the ...
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1answer
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Homeomorphism or stereographic projection corresponding to the set of mixed states within the Bloch sphere
The Bloch sphere is homeomorphic to the Riemann sphere, and there exists a stereographic projection $\Bbb S^2\to \Bbb C_\infty$. But this only holds for pure states. To quote Wikipedia:
Quantum ...
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3answers
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How to prove teleportation does not violate no-cloning theorem?
For a given teleportation process as depicted in the figure, how one can say that teleporting the qubit state $|q\rangle$ has not cloned at the end of Bob's measurement?
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1answer
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What is the general variety corresponding to the Segre embedding for $n$-qubit systems?
It is well known that entanglement is precisely the difference between the Cartesian product and the tensor product. The space where every point corresponds to a state is the projective Hilbert space, ...
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How we can describe entanglement from measurement and resource perspectives?
When we read books on quantum computing and information theory, specifically in entanglement we find some distinguishability between those who focus on entanglement as a resource or use it as an ...
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1answer
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Convex Combination of Separable States
The state
$$ \frac{1}{2}\left(| \phi^+ \rangle \langle \phi^+ | + | \psi^+ \rangle \langle \psi^+ | \right) $$
where
$$ | \phi^+ \rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt2} \left(|00 \rangle + | 11 \rangle \right) $...
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2answers
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The relationship between entanglement of vector states to matrix operations
I don't understand something which is I believe pretty fundamental. It's said that an operation represented by a matrix A is an entanglement if A can't be written as a tensor product of other matrices....
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1answer
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Partial Transpose and Positive Operators
Question: For 2x2 and 2x3 systems, is the partial transpose the only positive but not completely positive operation that is possible?
Why this came up: The criteria for detecting if a state $\rho$ is ...
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1answer
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Concurrence for a two qubit state
The concurrence for a state $\rho$ as defined here is
\begin{equation}
C(\rho) = {\rm max}\{0, \lambda_1-\lambda_2-\lambda_3-\lambda_4\}.
\end{equation}
Where $\lambda_i$ are the eigenvalues of matrix ...
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0answers
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Construction of optimal ensemble to show quantum steerability
In Wiseman et al. (2007), in the process of deriving necessary and sufficient conditions for the steerability of some classes of states, the authors show (lemma 1, page 3) how to construct an optimal ...
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1answer
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Better Way Of Separating Two CQ-States
I have this cq-state:
$$\frac{1}{2} \times (|0\rangle \langle0|_A \otimes \rho^0_E + |1\rangle \langle1|_A \otimes \rho^1_E)$$
Where Alice (A) is classical and an adversary Eve (E) has some ...
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1answer
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Why is $P(1,2)_{\text{same}} = \frac{1}{4}$ and not $\frac{1}{2}$ in Preskill's Bell experiment?
Context:
Three coins on the table. Each is either heads or tails. You can
uncover any one of the three coins, revealing whether it is heads or
tails but then you choose two the other two coins ...
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0answers
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Can “experimental data from a quantum computer” be used to test separability probability conjectures?
An article entitled "Experimental data from a quantum computer verifies the generalize Pauli exclusion principle" by Scott E. Smart, David I. Schuster, and David A. Mazziotti has just appeared
In the ...
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1answer
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Transmission of information over long distances
I am reading that entangled particles can share information across long distances and the speed is usually faster than the speed of light...so am I right in assuming that future communications in the ...
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3answers
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Why do we have to uncompute rather than simply set registers to zero?
In implementing a quantum subroutine it is important to uncompute temporary registers after use, to ensure the output state of the subroutine is not entangled with them (which would affect its ...
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2answers
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Defining entanglement for systems with more than two qbits
Introductory textbooks I've read define entanglement as when your product state cannot be factored into the tensor product of individual quantum states. But consider a three-qbit system:
$C_{2,0}H_2|...
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2answers
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Why is an entangled qubit shown at the origin of a Bloch sphere?
I'm unclear why the Bloch sphere representation of a maximally entangled qubit shows the state of the bit as being at the origin of the sphere.
For example, this illustration
shows the effect of ...
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2answers
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Grover's algorithm with W-state
In the general form of Grover's algorithm, we start with the uniform superposition of n qubits. Now, suppose instead that we start with a generic state, for example ...
2
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1answer
85 views
A quantum circuit with entanglement with Eve
I'm trying to work through a self-made exercise, which may be ill formed as a question. Any general advice in dealing with these types of problems is also much appreciated!
I'm looking at a quantum ...
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1answer
56 views
Shared entanglement to copy orthogonal states
Assume that Alice and Bob are allowed to share entanglement and are spatially separated. Alice is given an unknown state and asked to measure this in the computational basis to obtain $\vert 0\rangle$ ...
2
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1answer
170 views
Notation for two entangled registers
Suppose I have two registers x and y, of length m and n bits respectively. I want to initialize my system to contain an equal superposition of all $2^{n+m}$ states, then apply an oracle function (in ...
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1answer
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Graph state and maximally entangled state
How can I show that a multi-qudit graph state $|G\rangle$ is the maximally entangled state? What kind of measure of entanglement can be used to quantify the amount of entanglement in a given graph ...
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1answer
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How to analyze highly entangled quantum circuits?
I came across a quantum circuit very similar to the phase estimation circuit, which is shown below:
In the ...
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1answer
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How to transfer non maximally entangled state to maximally entangled?
Let a three-qubit state shared between Alice, Bob and Charlie stationed at distant laboratories be
$$\psi_{ABC}=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{3}}|000\rangle+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}|111\rangle.$$
How to evaluate ...
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3answers
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Controlling high-dimensional Hilbert spaces with a single qubit
In superdense coding, you can use one qubit to control the Hilbert space of two qubits and steer it into 4 mutually orthogonal states, so that measurement of both qubits together will not have a ...
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1answer
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Are there any test examples of Octave and Quantum Entanglement?
I read this research paper.
I have octave and the package running.
This is an example of what I did so far -
octave:3> s1 = state(normalize(ket([1,0])+ket([0,1])))
s1 =
0.00000 0.00000 0....
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4answers
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Maximally mixed states for more than 1 qubit
For 1 qubit, the maximally mixed state is $\frac{\mathrm{I}}{2}$.
So, for two qubits, I assume the maximally mixed state is the maximally mixed state is $\frac{\mathrm{I}}{4}$?
Which is:
$\frac{1}{...
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1answer
252 views
BB84 attack with entangled qubits example
BB84 attack with entangled qubits example
Hi, I'am interested in an attack for BB84 protocol with entangled quibits.
Lets say Alice sends a qubit $x$ in state $\left|1\right>_x$ to Bob and Eve ...
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0answers
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How can blackholes be fast information scramblers?
I noticed that there was already a post discussing the fast scrambling property of black holes. But it seems no satisfactory answer was given.
As mentioned by L. Susskind et. al, the fast scrambling ...
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0answers
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Relation between quantum entanglement and quantum state complexity
Both quantum entanglement and quantum state complexity are important in quantum information processing. They are usually highly correlated, i.e., roughly a state with a higher entanglement corresponds ...
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1answer
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The classical simulation of 2D graph state and the measurement based quantum computation
In my former post on Physics SE I deduced a contradiction in the classical simulation of 2D graph state and the classical simulation of general measurement-based quantum computation.
In Norbert's ...
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1answer
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How to simulate quantum entanglement variation in different quantum gates?
I'm trying to study quantum entanglement variation during quantum computation with 4 qubit systems comprising a variety of quantum gates.
How can I simulate this variation on MATLAB? Is there any ...
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1answer
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Does entanglement correlate qubits a $100\%$ of the time?
$\newcommand{\qr}[1]{|#1\rangle}$Say I begin with $4$ qubits $\qr{+}\qr{+}\qr{+}\qr{+}$ forming a register $B$. Name these qubits as $b_3, b_2, b_1, b_0$. Also, let $C$ be another register $\qr0\qr0\...
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2answers
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Quantum teleportation: second classical bit for removing entanglement?
I have read about how Alice can send Bob a qubit $\alpha |0\rangle + \beta|1\rangle$ if they share an EPR pair. This gives an initial state:
$(\alpha |0\rangle + \beta|1\rangle) \otimes (\frac{1}{\...
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2answers
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Many-Worlds Interpretation and GHZ States
I'm working through a problem set, and I've come across the following problem:
In this problem, you'll explore something that we said in class about the Many-Worlds Interpretation of quantum ...
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1answer
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Suggest, partly based upon limited numerical results, possible “elegant” exact formulas for Bures two-qubit separability probability
Lovas and Andai (https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.01410) have recently established that the separability probability (ratio of separable volume to total volume) for the nine-dimensional convex set of two-...
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1answer
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Relating min-entropy with conditional entropy
Suppose we have a classical quantum state $\sum_x |x\rangle \langle x|\otimes \rho_x$, one can define the smooth-min entropy $H_\min(A|B)_\rho$ as the best probability of guessing outcome $x$ given $\...
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3answers
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General construction of $W_n$-state
Two of the most well known entangled states are the GHZ-state $|\psi\rangle = 1/\sqrt{2}\left( |0\rangle^{\otimes n} + |1\rangle^{\otimes n}\right)$ and the $W_n$-state, with $W_3 = 1/\sqrt{3}\left(|...
5
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1answer
90 views
Rotationally invariant maximally entangled states in higher dimensions
Is there a straightforward generalization of the $\mathbb{C}^2$ Bell basis to $N$ dimensions? Is there a rotational invariant Bell state in higher dimensions? If yes, then what is the form of that ...
4
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1answer
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Applying CNOT with local operations and two EPR pairs
Suppose Alice and Bob hold one qubit each of an arbitrary two-qubit state $|\psi \rangle$ that is possibly entangled. They can apply local operations and are allowed classical communication. Their ...
3
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1answer
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Protocol for entaglement swapping
Suppose there are 3 parties, of which 2 pairs share an EPR pair and can communicate classically. What is a protocol that results in the third pair sharing an EPR pair?
That is the problem I'm given, ...
