Questions tagged [entanglement]
For questions about the principle and application of quantum entanglement. It is a physical phenomenon which occurs when pairs or groups of particles are generated, interact, or share spatial proximity in ways such that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently of the state of the other(s), even when the particles are separated by a large distance—instead, a quantum state must be described for the system as a whole. (Wikipedia)
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Query on Reduced Graph States
Reduced graph states are characterized as follows (from page 46 of this paper): Let $A \subseteq V$ be a subset of vertices for a graph $G = (V,E)$ and $B = V\setminus A$ the corresponding complement ...
3
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1answer
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Secret sharing though quantum operations
I have a secret say $s$. I have a dealer $D$ and three participants $A, B, C$. I want to share this secret $s$ in such a way that the participation of all $3$ is essential to reconstruct the secret. ...
4
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2answers
98 views
How does a single-qubit gate affect other qubits?
An instructional quantum computing article I'm reading (How the quantum search algorithm works) states that the following circuit takes $\vert x\rangle\vert 0\rangle$ to $−\vert x\rangle\vert 0\rangle$...
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Entanglement and distributed consensus
Are there any distributed consensus protocols which make use of quantum phenomena for improved performance? For example, symmetry breaking with a shared quantum state.
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1answer
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Faster than light data transmission using entanglement [duplicate]
I am not a scientist, so that's why I've come here...to hopefully find out if this would be possible.
Ok, so I started learning about quantum entanglement and I stumbled upon an idea for instant data ...
4
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2answers
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Query on paper on entanglement in graph states
Quick question on the paper Entanglement in Graph States. On page 14. a definition of a graph state:
Given $|+\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|0\rangle + |1\rangle)$. Let
$G=(V,E)$ be a graph. The ...
4
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1answer
44 views
Why is $\rho$ NPT if and only if $\rho^{\otimes N}$ is NPT?
In Horodecki et al. (1998), to prove that distillability implies having a negative partial transpose (being NPT). The authors use the fact that "a state $\rho$ is NPT if and only if $\rho^{\otimes N}$ ...
4
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1answer
49 views
How to measure entanglement in an algorithm?
Entanglement in Algorithms
Most algorithms in quantum computing find their strength in making use of entanglement.
I am interested in evaluating the amount of entanglement generated within an ...
5
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1answer
120 views
What does W stand for in the W entangled state?
For the $|W_3\rangle=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}(|001\rangle+|010\rangle+|100\rangle)$, what does W stand for? Does it refer to an author name? Anyone knows a reference? Thanks
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Understanding shared Bell states from quantum entanglement
I'm trying to understand an entanglement swapping derivation provided in this PDF (pages 2 - 3)
I have several things about this process that I don't understand, and I was hoping someone could ...
4
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1answer
72 views
How to check if a two-qubit gate is entangling?
I would like to know if there's an analog for Schmidt rank that can tell me if a two-qubit unitary is entangling?
Suppose I have a parametrized two-qubit unitary $U^{(2)}(\theta)$. I would like to ...
3
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2answers
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Probability of equal outcomes measuring a Bell state in the directions $\vec{n}_1,\vec{n}_2$
Take the Bell state
$$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(|00\rangle +|11\rangle\right) $$
and measure the first qubit with respect to some axis $\vec{n}_1$ on the Bloch sphere, i.e. measure the observable
$$\vec{...
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Entanglement-assisted hashing bound for asymmetric depolarizing channels
I reading the paper EXIT-Chart Aided Quantum Code Design
Improves the Normalised Throughput
of Realistic Quantum Devices, which proposes the use of QTCs in order to do quantum error correction for ...
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votes
1answer
44 views
Find the Bell States of A and B in the following scenario
Let A has quantum memories $M_1$ and $M_2$ and B has quantum memories $M_3$ and $M_4$ capable of holding one qubit.
2 Bell states are shared among A & B in the following way:
First Bell state $|...
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1answer
99 views
Evaluate the following teleportation equation for $U = ZX$ and $a = 0, b = 0$
When I evaluate the following equation using $U = ZX$ and $a = 0, b = 0$ [for Bell state], I am getting LHS not equal to RHS.
Before describing the protocol, let us first review the teleportation ...
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1answer
42 views
How to decode 2-bit message from 2 entangled qubits?
I'm trying to do exercise 3 of this quantum course.
Alice and Bob prepare an EPR pair in the Bell + state. They each take one qubit home.
Suddenly, Alice decides she wishes to convey one of 4
...
4
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1answer
57 views
Extensions of product states
Given a product state $\rho_{AC} = \rho_A\otimes \rho_C$, what can we say about the structure of states $\rho_{ABC}$ that are extensions of $\rho_{A}\otimes \rho_C$? By extension I mean that $\text{tr}...
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2answers
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Why does entanglement not increase the classical capacity of a channel?
In a recent paper, the authors quote an older work of Bennett, Shor and others and make the following statement
While entanglement assistance can increase achievable rates for classical point-to-...
3
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0answers
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Are inseparable states with positive partial transposition nonlocal?
In Horodecki, Horodecki and Horodecki (1998), Mixed-state entanglement and distillation: is there a ``bound'' entanglement in nature?, the authors remark in the conclusions (beginning of pag. 4, ...
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1answer
45 views
What is the resultant composite quantum state after the transfer?
Suppose Alice has the following state
$|\Psi\rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt2} (|10\rangle + |11\rangle)$
If Alice transfers 1st qubit to Bob then is this the resultant composite system state after transfer?
...
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1answer
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What is the state after entangled qubit transfer?
Suppose Alice has 2 qubit entangled state and wants to send 1st qubit to Bob.
q1) Now what is left with Alice? Both 1st and 2nd qubits or only 2nd qubit?
q2) Does the overall composite quantum ...
2
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1answer
75 views
In the CHSH inequality, how can I know which term is supposed to have the minus sign?
I try to follow the calculation from IBMQ experience regrading of Entanglement and Bell test which they derive the value of question as
\begin{equation}
C=\langle A B\rangle-\left\langle A B^{\prime}\...
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2answers
59 views
Measuring a single qubit in 2 bit entangled state
consider a 2 qubit entangled state ($\sqrt 3/2)\left|00\right> + (1/2)\left|11\right>$
Q1) Is the above entangled state a valid one?
q2) If valid then What is the probability of measuring the ...
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1answer
47 views
What is the probability of measuring $|j\rangle$ with $j\in\{0, 1, 2, … N-1\}$?
Consider the state
$$\frac{1}{\sqrt{N}}\sum_{j=0}^{N-1}e^{2\pi i\frac{x_1}{N}j}\left|j\right>_h\left|j\right>_t.$$
In the above entangled state, what is the probability of getting $|j\rangle_t$ ...
2
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1answer
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Is it possible to have entanglement with different sized parties or with more than 2 parties?
All the entanglement I've see is between 2 parties that have the same number of qubits. Is it possible to have entanglement where each party has a different number of qubits? Is it possible to have ...
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0answers
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Determining the quantum secret
I earlier posted I question Representing a Bell measurement on non adjacent qubits for which I got an excellent answer. Now I want to build upon that and do further analysis which is where I am stuck. ...
4
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1answer
34 views
Non maximally entangled states for QKD
Why aren't non maximally entangled states produced and used in quantum key distribution schemes? What would be the advantage/disadvantage to use such states rather than maximally entangled ones?
2
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1answer
55 views
If Alice and Bob share a Bell state, can Alice send her individual qubit to a third party?
Suppose Alice wants to send Bob information. Each of them has been sent each of the qubits of the Bell state in advance. Suppose Alice has the first qubit and Bob has the second.
$|\Phi^+\rangle = \...
4
votes
2answers
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In what ways can qubits be used for applications that do not require entanglement?
Many good questions on this site have explored how entanglement lies at the boundary between the quantum world and the classical. For example in computational speedups, or teleportation or superdense ...
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1answer
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Why isn't there a contradiction between the existence of CNOT gate/entanglement and the no-cloning theorem?
Of course I am not implying that I am right and the no cloning theorem is wrong, but I am trying to figure out what is wrong with my reasoning and yet I couldn't find the mistake.
Based on Wikipedia
...
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Change entangled far Qbit state without mesaure it
Hello I entangled with Qsharp a far QBit (Bob)to a 3 Qbit register that is also entangled to another marked qbit for a Grover search. When I look for the value 4 with Grover search the Bob qbit is ...
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What implementation changes should be done in maxcut code using VQE?
In the paper, "Quantum algorithm implementations for beginners" in the section XVII. QUANTUM SIMULATION OF THE TRANSVERSE ISING MODEL (page 54-58), the authors have plotted energy $E$ vs magnetic ...
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1answer
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Entangling marked qubit with part of the register in Grover's search
Can the marked qubit be associated only with half of the register? I mean if I can ask the oracle if the $2$ low qubits from a $4$ qubit register have a certain value.
I ask this to know if I can ...
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3answers
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How can a CNOT gate change the control qbit (e.g. in the Deutsch Oracle problem)?
It is very confusing how the CNOT gate can change the properties of the controlled qubit (possibly because I am still stuck in the classical programming mindset):
Many books have explained the ...
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1answer
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What is the difference between entangled and separable states or electron spin-singlets?
What is the difference between entangled states and separable states or electron spin-singlets?
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2answers
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Does entanglement allow communication of user specified information or not?
At first when I heard about entanglement, I thought "Neat, so we can make a manipulation on our quantum computer here in such a way that can be interpreted as a binary output somewhere else, and have ...
3
votes
1answer
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What are the two qubits in the state $a\lvert 00\rangle+b\lvert11\rangle$?
What are the $2$ qubits of the state
$a\lvert 00\rangle+b\lvert11\rangle$?
Are they $a'\vert0\rangle+b'\vert1\rangle$ and $c'\vert0\rangle+d'\vert1\rangle$?
How are they measured, and what would be ...
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Geometric interpretation of 1-distillability
This is a sequel to Motivation for the definition of k-distillability
Geometrical interpretation from the definition of 1-distillability
The eigenstate $|\psi\rangle$ of the partially ...
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Motivation for the definition of k-distillability
Definition of k-distillability
For a bipartite state $\rho$, $H=H_A\otimes H_B$ and for an integer $k\geq 1$, $\rho$ is $k$-distillable if there exists a (non-normalized) state $|\psi\rangle\in ...
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1answer
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Understanding the classification of quantum states based on partial transposition: representations of the bipartite density matrix
I'm going through some slides on the PPT/NPT criteria along with Horodecki's paper, and I'm kind of stuck. Let's take this slide:
Firstly, why can we write a bipartite density matrix as $\sum_{...
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1answer
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How to prove the following bosonic entanglement expression?
Based on the article given by J. L. Ball, I. Fuentes-Schuller, and F. P. Schuller, Phys. Lett. A 359, 550 (2006)
had used the following expression of von-Neumann entropy
\begin{equation}
S = - \...
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0answers
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GHZ - measuring particles
I'm referring to an earlier question. It involves secret sharing based on the different measurement directions 3 people i.e Alice Bob and Charlie do. Now there is a block in the referred paper which ...
5
votes
1answer
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Equivalent determinant condition for Peres-Horodecki criteria
The Peres-Horodecki criteria for a 2*2 state states that if the smallest eigenvalue of the partial transpose of the state is negative, it is entangled, else it is separable.
According to this paper (...
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What is the motivation for Weyl matrices in quantum information theory?
Quantum Entanglement and Geometry — Andreas Gabriel (2010) — Sec: 2.3.4 ~p. 11
Another basis for $d\times d$-dimensional matrices that has proven to be quite useful in quantum information theory is ...
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1answer
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Quantum secret Sharing using GHZ state paper
I am reading a paper on Quantum Secret Sharing Quantum Secret Sharing using GHZ states
I have doubts regarding the initial phase of the paper, which are: Let me state what things I read and ...
6
votes
1answer
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What is the definition of Bell state on a n-qubit system?
Question 1: The bell state for a 2-qubit system has been defined in Neilsen and Chuang's book as the set of maximally entangled states spanned by $\{|00\rangle + |11\rangle, |00\rangle - |11\rangle, |...
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1answer
43 views
Can entangled qubits be disentangled without using code or software?
Is there a way to revert two entangled qubits to a separate state without using code...like restarting a quantum computer?
Note: By "restarting a quantum computer", I do not mean restarting a virtual ...
3
votes
1answer
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What are nontrivial examples of $n$-sharable bipartite states?
A bipartite state $\newcommand{\ket}[1]{\lvert #1\rangle}\rho_{AB}$ is said to be $n$-sharable when it is possible to find an extended state $\rho_{AB_1\cdots B_n}$ such that partial tracing over any ...
4
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1answer
51 views
Observing that some action has happened in an entanglement scenario
Hobbyist quantum programmer here and just getting back into the swing of things by speccing out some fun apps in my head and trying to build them to learn more about the whole ecosystem which is ...
3
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1answer
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Simultaneous eigenstate of commuting observables and their tensor product
So this is about something from Preskill's notes on Quantum Computation and Information, Chapter 4, page 3.
Imagine we have a maximally entangled state (Bell state). We can identify the Bell state by ...
