Questions tagged [circuit-construction]
For questions about the construction of complex circuits using elementary quantum gates.
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questions
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Why do we care about the number of $T$ gates in a quantum circuit?
When reading this question and quickly reading some of the linked papers, I wondered why was the number of $T$ gates specified along the number of controlled-$X$ gates.
I've often read that ...
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vote
1answer
44 views
What is the syntax for general control gate in stim
For a stabilizer code with the stabilizers in canonical form, an encoding circuit has the form
that's a product of hadamard gates and general control gates : $H_i C_i(U_i)$. For example for
the $[[5,1,...
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How can I create a Qiskit function producing a quantum circuit such that $\langle Z^{\otimes n}\rangle=J_{n-1}/2^{n-1}$?
Problem:
Create a function circ(n) that returns an $n$-qubits quantum circuit that, when measured in the $Z^{\otimes n}$ basis, should yield the following ...
1
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1answer
124 views
Getting non-Clifford after performing several Clifford gates in qiskit
I'm trying to test Clifford gates in qiskit according to the table in Fault-tolerant SQ, page 101. I tried 4 Cliffords in the test $$-X/2 - X -X/2,Y/2,X/2 - -X/2,Y/2,-X/2$$
using the following code
<...
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How to implement a quantum array
I'm trying to implement a quantum array. That is one that stores qubits and can be indexed via qubits.
I can create one that handles setting values fairly easy. Have two registers, one for the ...
1
vote
1answer
62 views
Is it possible to perform $z$ rotation in Qiskit with just $x$ and $y$ rotations?
Is it possible to perform $z$ rotation in Qiskit with just $x$ and $y$ rotations?
I tried the following:
...
6
votes
2answers
244 views
Minimum number of 2 qubit gates to build any unitary
Any unitary $U$ acting on $N$ qubits can be decomposed in a finite product $U=U_1U_2...U_n$ where every $U_i$ acts on only 2 qubits, for example through decomposition in CNOT, phase shifts and 1 qubit ...
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What is the circuit for grover's algorithm if N is not a power of 2?
From the literature it seems that grover's algorithm works if $N$ is not a power of $2$. For instance, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover%27s_algorithm
and
https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0005055
I ...
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4answers
399 views
How is a Toffoli gate built without using T gates?
Can someone tell me how to make a Toffoli gate without using T gates? Can we use $R_x$ and $R_y$. If yes, then how?
I tried many circuits but I was unable to create the CCNOT gate out of $R_x$, $R_y$ ...
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1answer
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Controlled Z gate using Pauli rotation operators and Z tensor product Z
I am trying to construct a controlled Z gate using elementary gates. This is what I have so far: \begin{pmatrix}
-i & 0 & 0 & 0\\
0 & -1 & 0 & 0\\
0 & 0 & 1 & 0\\
...
3
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1answer
101 views
Qiskit's QFT not returning the expected state
I'm currently going through the lab problems for the Qiskit course here. I'm trying to finish lab set number 3 on QPE but I can't seem to get the desired output, even from the solution notebook. I'm ...
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What is the right way to teleport qubits on a real quantum computer?
I've been using the teleportation protocol to teleport qubits and then using Qiskit state tomography for reconstructing my qubits.
Using this circuit using open qasm I regularly obtain fidelity 0.9.
...
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1answer
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BHT algorithm implementation
Summary of Method
Amplitude Amplification Summary
The BHT algorithm uses amplitude amplification, a nice generalisation of Grover's algorithm, where there is a subset $G\subset X$ of good elements in ...
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0answers
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Quantum Circuits for Time-Series Data
I am currently working with a dataset with autocorrelated features, i.e, x(t) affects the value of x(t+1) which affects the value of x(t+2).
Suppose this is the circuit representing x(t):
Does ...
1
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1answer
122 views
How to generate a quantum circuit from the quantum state $|1000\rangle+|0100\rangle+|0010\rangle+|0001\rangle$?
I am trying to understand the steps of how make a state preparation circuit from a quantum state.
For making my question more clearer, for example, for the state is $\frac{|00\rangle+|11\rangle}{\...
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1answer
336 views
Implement a projection operator as a quantum circuit
Let the state $|\Psi\rangle\equiv a|0\rangle\otimes|\psi_0\rangle + b|1\rangle\otimes|\psi_1\rangle$, where $|\psi_0\rangle$ and $\psi_1\rangle$ belong to a multi-qubit register $R$ and the ...
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Why do we have to measure the circuit before sending it to the real quantum computer?
If I want to run a circuit on a real quantum computer, I have to measure it before running it. For example:
...
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1answer
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How to perform a plot histogram for a circuit?
I have created a circuit and I don't know how to plot a histogram. I tried to plot a histogram but it gives me output for 0000 case only, how to get to know the probability for all of the cases. The ...
2
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0answers
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Managing memory while running a high depth circuit simulation (amplitude amplification) using Qiskit
I am running an instance of amplitude amplification using Qiskit (v 26) on Google Colab.
The circuit is approximately 17 qubits in space and $O(ck)$ in depth where $k \in \left \{1,2,3....,22 \right \...
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1answer
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How do you represent a Hadamard gate as a product of $R_x$ and $R_y$ gates?
I'm looking for a representation of Hadamard gate that uses only $R_x(x)$ and $R_y(y)$ gates. The values $x$ and $y$ may be the same, but they don't necessarily need to be.
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How to assemble two quantum circuits whose qubit mapping states are different each other?
I uploaded similar question before, but the answer was not I want. I think I should show you in more detail about my question.
I use SABRE algorithm which can do qubit mapping for executing quantum ...
5
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1answer
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What is the correlation between Toffoli and a more generic rotation shown in qiskit textbook
Can someone help me understand the correlation between the 2 diagrams in the qiskit textbook.
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How to build and visualize circuit from matrix?
In paper Efficient quantum algorithm for solving travelling salesman problem: An IBM quantum experience, the authors use gate $U_j$ and its decomposition
$$
U_j =
\begin{pmatrix}
\mathrm{e}^{ia} &...
3
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1answer
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Data encoding in the quantum perceptron model
In this paper, this figure shows the perceptron model used for quantum neural network.
When realizing the inner product between weight vector and input vector, it defines a unitary transformation $U_W$...
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Two possible ways how to implement Shor's Algorithm
Among many paper describing circuit solving period finding problem and discrete logarithm problem (DLP) (for simplity, let's say $g \equiv x^r$ (mod n) and try to find $r$), there are two variants ...
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Circuit state preparation using amplitude encoding
I am following an example of preparing an input state using amplitude encoding from this book.
How to calculate $\beta_1^1$ using given formula above? In my understanding, $\beta_1^1 = 2\arcsin(\frac{\...
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0answers
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An algorithm to perform Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization of linearly independent state vectors
In the first paragraph of the 2nd section of this article, it is stated that given a set of linearly independent $n$-qubit state vectors, Alice can perform the Gram-Schmidt procedure to obtain ...
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Marginal output probability of first bit for constant-depth circuits
Consider a constant depth $1\text{D}$ quantum circuit, which is applied to the input state $|0^{n}\rangle$, and whose output is measured in the standard basis. You can assume that the gates of the ...
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2answers
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Complexity of $n$-Toffoli with phase difference
I'm interested in the $n$-Toffoli gates with phase differences. I found a quadratic technique in section 7.2 of this paper.
Here's the front page of the paper.
Here's an image of the section that I'm ...
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1answer
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Understanding Grover’s Oracle for 3-SAT
First of all I'm very new to the quantum computing world so this might seem trivial to you, but it's a hump I was unable to get over for days now.
So I'm talking about the version that Qiskit has ...
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1answer
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Is there an efficient way to create entangled states using Qiskit?
I am trying to implement Grover's search using Qiskit. And I would like to create entangled states so I could search for the index of a specific value in a list. For example, if the third element in ...
3
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1answer
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Can an arbitrary circuit be represented using two commands (qsel package)?
I was watching this entertaining video by David Bacon (as in "Bacon-Shor code", Cirq, ...) :
video of talk where he mentions the package he wrote:
(qsel), that describes simulating quantum ...
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1answer
212 views
Minimum number of T gates needed to perform two overlapping Toffolis
Consider this circuit:
How many T gates are needed to implement it, in the stabilizer+T gate set? The circuit can use cliffords, measurement, classical feedback, ancilla qubits, and T gates. Only T ...
3
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1answer
50 views
How can a Sagnac interferometer be described by a quantum circuit?
I am looking to translate interferometric processes onto a quantum circuit model and am running into issues regarding feedback and the reuse of circuit elements. My question is framed in terms of a ...
3
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1answer
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Which single fixed unitary can be used to efficiently simulate arbitrary quantum circuit?
Let $|p\rangle|00\ldots0\rangle$ be an initial (basis) state, where $p$ is a binary encoding of the circuit to be simulated and zeros are the working space. We apply some fixed unitary transformation $...
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1answer
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Can I freely rearrange the controlled-shift gates in this 3-qubit circuit?
Consider a fixed set of gates of the kind $\land_n(P_{\varphi})$. With $P_{\varphi}$ being a relative phase shift gate by $\varphi$.
Can I assert that any permutation of that set is equivalent?
...
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1answer
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What are standard/most popular data formats to represent quantum circuits including hardware specifications?
On an abstract level one draws a circuit diagram with wires and gates. Different software frameworks like qiskit, circ etc. ...
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1answer
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How to create CNOT from an entangling gate and arbitrary single-qubit gates?
I am working on the classical simulation of quantum circuits. I know how to efficiently implement the following entangling gate, which -- in the following paper: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1803.02118 -- ...
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1answer
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Transform circuit with 3 CNOTs in one with limited interactions on the first qubit
Is it possible to translate the above circuit into an equivalent one where the number of interaction gates with the first qubit is 1?
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How do you build the modified Toffoli gate using only local unitary and CNOT operations?
How do you build a circuit for a modified Toffoli gate using only local unitary operations and CNOT operations? The two-qubit unitary operation is given by: $\text{diag}\{1, 1, 1, e^{i\phi}\}$.
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Can any "control-something unitary" be written with control and target spaces flipped?
Consider a simple two-qubit gate such as the CNOT. The typical presentation of this gate is
$$\text{CNOT} = |0\rangle\!\langle0|\otimes I + |1\rangle\!\langle1|\otimes X,$$
with $X$ the Pauli $X$ gate....
3
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1answer
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Toffolli upside down - an equivalent circuit
It is known that an "upside-down" CNOT is equivalent to a "normal CNOT" surrounded by Hadamard gates as shown in this picture.
I am wondering whether there is a similar circuit ...
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1answer
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Is RYY gate not available in IBM Quantum Composer?
If so, why? How to create the RYY-gate in the composer?
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2answers
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How to make a circuit for the CNOT using $H$ and $CZ$ gates?
How can we draw a circuit that is based on the gates $H, CZ$ that implements $CNOT$.
I know that the $H$ gate is like that:
And also the $CZ$ gate is:
But I'm not sure how to draw this with the ...
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1answer
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How do you build a circuit to make an equal superposition of $n$ outcomes?
Suppose we start with $|00...0\rangle$.
We want to build an equal superposition over $|0\rangle + ... + |n-1\rangle$.
When $n=2^m$ for some $m$, I know I can do this using $H^{\otimes m}$.
What is the ...
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Is the No-Cloning Theorem Violated in $C^\ast$-Circuit Models?
In Cleve, et al., the authors discuss self-embezzlement of a catalyst state $\psi$, making the statement on page 2,
[B]y local operations, state $\psi\otimes(\vert 0 \rangle \otimes \vert 0 \rangle)$
...
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1answer
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Does the circuit with qubit-wise CZ gates compute the inner product of two states? If not, is there another circuit that does?
I've been searching for a quantum algorithm to compute the the inner product between two $n$-qubit quantum states, namely $\langle\phi|\psi\rangle$, which is in general a complex number.
One can get $|...
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Method to mark only when certain conditions are satisfied in the superposition states of qubits
I am Newbie in Quantum Computing World.
While studying on my own, I was curious about one thing, so I asked this question.
My question is as follows:
When I configure the superposition states of ...
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1answer
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Can Qiskit decompose circuits into non-IBMQ basis gate sets?
Let circ be a QuantumCircuit object. Running circ.decompose() returns a circuit that ...
