Do the eigenvalues of the Choi matrix have any direct physical interpretation?

Question

Let $\Phi\in\mathrm T(\mathcal X,\mathcal Y)$ be a CPTP map, and let $J(\Phi)$ be its Choi representation. As is well known, any such map can be written in a Kraus representation of the form $$\Phi(X)=\sum_a p_a A_a X A_a^\dagger,\tag A$$ where $p_a\ge0$ and $\operatorname{Tr}(A_a^\dagger A_b)=\delta_{ab}$ (as mentioned for example in this other question of mine). The positive numbers $p_a$ appearing here can be seen to be the eigenvalues of $J(\Phi)$.

Is there a way to directly relate the eigenvalues $p_a$ to some properties of the channel, or to how the channel acts on states?

Answer 1

When I was doing some work on quantum cloning (so, slightly different applications to the channels you were asking about), I basically ended up setting up the Choi matrix as a description of the action that I'd like to achieve (perfect cloning), averaged over all possible inputs. In that case, the maximum eigenvalue tells you quite a lot - up to a scale factor of the size of the Hilbert space dimension of the input state, it gives you an upper bound on the fidelity that you can achieve that operation with. Moreover, if the maximal eigenvector is maximally entangled, that upper bound in the fidelity can be achieved (you can extend that condition to deal with degeneracy in the maximum eigenvalue).