Exercise 8.23 : Suppose that a single qubit state is represented by using two qubits, as $|\psi\rangle=a|01\rangle+b|10\rangle$. Show that $\mathcal{E}_{AD}\otimes\mathcal{E}_{AD}$ applied to this state gives a process which can be described by the operation elements $E_0^{dr}=\sqrt{1-\gamma}I$ and $E_1^{dr}=\sqrt{\gamma}[|00\rangle\langle01|+|00\rangle\langle10|]$, i.e., either nothing $(E_0^{dr})$ happens to the qubit, or the qubit is transformed $(E_1^{dr})$ into the state $|00\rangle$, which is orthogonal to $|\psi\rangle$. This is a simple error-detection code and is also the basis for the robustness of the ‘dual-rail’ qubit discussed in Section 7.4
This is given as Exercise 8.23, Page 381, Chapter 8, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information by Nielsen and Chuang
Here $\mathcal{E}_{AD}$ represents amplitude damping such that $\mathcal{E}_{AD}(\rho)=E_0\rho E_0^\dagger+E_1\rho E_1^\dagger$ where $E_0=\begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&\sqrt{1-\gamma}\end{bmatrix}=|0\rangle\langle 0|+\sqrt{1-\gamma}|1\rangle\langle1|$ and $E_1=\begin{bmatrix}0&\sqrt{\gamma}\\0&0\end{bmatrix}=\sqrt{\gamma}|0\rangle\langle1|$, And $\mathcal{E}(\begin{bmatrix}a&b\\b^*&c\end{bmatrix})=\begin{bmatrix}1-(1-\gamma)(1-a)&b\sqrt{1-\gamma}\\b^*\sqrt{1-\gamma}&c({1-\gamma})\end{bmatrix}$.
My Attempt
\begin{align} &(\mathcal{E}_{AD}\otimes \mathcal{E}_{AD})(\rho\otimes\sigma)=\mathcal{E}_{AD}(\rho)\otimes \mathcal{E}_{AD}(\sigma)=(E_0\rho E_0^\dagger+E_1\rho E_1^\dagger)\otimes(E_0\sigma E_0^\dagger+E_1\sigma E_1^\dagger)\\ &=E_0\rho E_0^\dagger\otimes E_0\sigma E_0^\dagger+E_0\rho E_0^\dagger\otimes E_1\sigma E_1^\dagger+E_1\rho E_1^\dagger\otimes E_0\sigma E_0^\dagger+E_1\rho E_1^\dagger\otimes E_1\sigma E_1^\dagger\\ &=(E_0\otimes E_0)(\rho\otimes\sigma)(E_0\otimes E_0)^\dagger+(E_0\otimes E_1)(\rho\otimes\sigma)(E_0\otimes E_1)^\dagger+(E_1\otimes E_0)(\rho\otimes\sigma)(E_1\otimes E_0)^\dagger+(E_1\otimes E_1)(\rho\otimes\sigma)(E_1\otimes E_1)^\dagger \end{align} Let $|0\rangle_D=|01\rangle$ and $|1\rangle_D=|10\rangle$ $$ (E_0\otimes E_0)|i\rangle_D=\sqrt{1-\gamma}|i\rangle_D\\ (E_0\otimes E_1)|01\rangle=\sqrt{\gamma}|00\rangle\quad\&\quad(E_1\otimes E_0)|10\rangle=\sqrt{\gamma}|00\rangle\\ (E_0\otimes E_1)|10\rangle=0\quad\&\quad(E_1\otimes E_0)|01\rangle=0\\ (E_1\otimes E_1)|i\rangle_D=0 $$
\begin{align} &|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|=(a|01\rangle+b|10\rangle)(a^*\langle01|+b^*\langle 10|)=|a|^2|01\rangle\langle01|+ab^*|01\rangle\langle10|+ba^*|10\rangle\langle01|+|b|^2|10\rangle\langle10|\\\\ \end{align} \begin{align} (\mathcal{E}_{AD}\otimes \mathcal{E}_{AD})(|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|)&=(1-\gamma)(|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|)+\gamma(|a|^2+|b|^2)(|00\rangle\langle 00|)\\ &=(1-\gamma)(|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|)+\gamma|00\rangle\langle 00| \tag{1}\label{eq1} \end{align} \begin{align} E_0^{dr}(|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|)E_0^{dr}{}^\dagger+E_1^{dr}(|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|)E_1^{dr}{}^\dagger=(1-\gamma)(|\psi\rangle\langle\psi|)+\gamma|00\rangle\langle 00| \tag{2}\label{eq2} \end{align}
I think if my math is correct this completes the proof of the first statement.
What is the logic behind calling this dual-rail encoding, an error-detecting code for the amplitude-damping channel?
