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I have this state: $$p |\text{GHZ}\rangle \langle \text{GHZ}| + (1-p)\rho$$ And after creating this state I have this code lines:

state = p * GHZ+(1-p)* rho
state = p * GHZ + (1 - p) * rho
print(f"final state: \n {state}")
print(cirq.sample_density_matrix(state, indices=[0, 1, 2], repetitions=10))

Now I want to measure this state. I know we have cirq.measure in Cirq But I don't know which kind of measurement is used by this function (and the last line is also doing measurement if I am not wrong??)

cirq.measure(a, b, c)

I have 3 questions

  1. I want to use rotation matrix and measure my state. Do we have rotation matrix in Cirq. Can you please show me how can I measure my state with rotation matrix in Cirq?

  2. I want to choose x and Y randomly and I want to do measurement

  3. Which kind of measurement is used by Cirq.measure() and (cirq.sample_density_matrix(state, indices=[0, 1, 2], repetitions=10))

    cirq.measure(a, b, c) (cirq.sample_density_matrix(state, indices=[0, 1, 2], repetitions=10))

Best and thanks

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  • $\begingroup$ what is meant by GHZ $\endgroup$
    – develarist
    Oct 29, 2020 at 0:47
  • $\begingroup$ This is ordinary GHZ state which is created by H gate and CNOT gate $\endgroup$
    – quest
    Oct 29, 2020 at 0:59

1 Answer 1

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  1. cirq.rx ry, rz exist for rotation around X, Y and Z axes on the Bloch sphere

  2. If you have to measure in non-computational bases, you will have to do the rotations yourself. In my answer to previous your question I wrote two versions: one with density matrices the other one with cirq.Circuit.

    • In case of the circuit model you can use circuit.append(cirq.rx(np.pi/3)(a)) for example before the measurement, where a is the first qubit.

    • in case of the density matrix you'll have to calculate the tensored unitaries with cirq.kron and cirq.unitary and then multiply the density as usual: unitary @ density_matrix @ unitary.conj().T. For example:

      # this is rx(pi/3) ⊗ I ⊗ I - the first qubit gets rotated, the other
      # two remains the same
      u = cirq.kron(cirq.unitary(cirq.rx(np.pi/3)), np.eye(2), np.eye(2))
      # this applies the unitary evolution on the state density matrix 
      rotated_state = u @ state @ u.conj().T
    
    
  3. cirq.measure measures in the computational basis. cirq.sample_density_matrix samples in the computational basis repeatedly see reference docs - it simulates "preparing the state and measuring it" multiple times. If you want the state after the measurement then probably cirq.measure_density_matrix is better suited.

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  • $\begingroup$ Thanks for the answer. I could not understand the part of density matrix. Multiply means multiplying ghz part and rho part or multiplay with tensor and unitary part. And after that how can I define angle for rotation matrix?(like the circuit part) $\endgroup$
    – quest
    Oct 29, 2020 at 1:51
  • $\begingroup$ And for the circuit part,you wrote a. Does a correspond şubat aor the state? $\endgroup$
    – quest
    Oct 29, 2020 at 1:53
  • $\begingroup$ I clarified my points please take a look $\endgroup$ Oct 29, 2020 at 4:11
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    $\begingroup$ Got it :) Thanks for using Cirq for your thesis! $\endgroup$ Oct 29, 2020 at 23:42
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    $\begingroup$ If you want measurement statistics of a U unitary in a computational basis you do "apply U and then measure in computational basis". If you want to measure in non-computational basis, but you only can measure in computational basis, that means "apply U then rotate then measure in computational basis". So, you have to cirq.meausre_density_matrix and only after the rotation (not before it). The rotation rotates the frame of reference before the measurement. After the measurement it only rotates the collapsed state which I don't think is what you want. $\endgroup$ Oct 30, 2020 at 17:17

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