One of the possible methods for distributed quantum computing is remote quantum entanglement. There is a proposal by Mihir Pant and others to develop protocols for quantum “repeater” nodes, which enable a pair of users to achieve large gains in entanglement rates in a linear chain of quantum repeaters, by exploiting the diversity of multiple paths in the network. They are trying to develop quantum repeater protocols that enable multiple user pairs to generate entanglement simultaneously at rates that can far exceed what is possible with repeaters time-sharing among assisting individual entanglement flows. Please find more details about this approach in the following research article published by Nature.
There is a paper published in arxiv about using Quantum Interconnects for Distributed Quantum Computing and Quantum Internet. It is more of a compilation of necessary distributed quantum computing modules for the realization of a quantum internet. Quantum interconnects (QuICs) are devices or processes that allow the transfer of quantum states between two specified physical degrees of freedom (material, electromagnetic, etc.), or, more broadly, connect a quantum system with a classical one. It will be nice if you can explore this paper to see the details of the QuICs components.
There is another recent work on the use of distributed quantum phase estimation algorithms with two different distribution schemes. Please find the summary of this paper shared in ResearchGate and EuropePMC.