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Norbert Schuch
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(ba) is plain wrong. In fact, the opposite is true forholds since any hermitian operator, as it$\mathrm{tr}(W)$ is just the well-known fact thatvalue the variancewitness takes on the maximally mixed state. Since there is an open ball of separable states around the maximally mixed state, this implies that we can add (the eigenvalues$\varepsilon$ of) any hermitian operator $W$,$H$ the maximally mixed state and $\mathrm{Var}(W)=\mathrm{tr}(W^2)-\mathrm{tr}(W)^2$,$\mathrm{tr}((1\!\!1+\varepsilon H)W)$ is still non-negative. The incorrectness ofThis is only possible if $\mathrm{tr}(W)$ is strictly positive. (b) for witnessesTo this this, you can also be easily checked by e.g. takingchoose $W$ the SWAP operator$H=-W$.)

(b) is plain wrong. In fact, the opposite is true for any hermitian operator, as it is just the well-known fact that the variance of (the eigenvalues of) $W$, $\mathrm{Var}(W)=\mathrm{tr}(W^2)-\mathrm{tr}(W)^2$, is non-negative. The incorrectness of (b) for witnesses can also be easily checked by e.g. taking $W$ the SWAP operator.

(a) holds since $\mathrm{tr}(W)$ is the value the witness takes on the maximally mixed state. Since there is an open ball of separable states around the maximally mixed state, this implies that we can add $\varepsilon$ of any hermitian operator $H$ the maximally mixed state and $\mathrm{tr}((1\!\!1+\varepsilon H)W)$ is still non-negative. This is only possible if $\mathrm{tr}(W)$ is strictly positive. (To this this, you can e.g. choose $H=-W$.)

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Norbert Schuch
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(b) is plain wrong. In fact, the opposite is true for any hermitian operator, as it is just the well-known fact that the variance of (the eigenvalues of) $W$, $\mathrm{Var}(W)=\mathrm{tr}(W^2)-\mathrm{tr}(W)^2$, is non-negative. The incorrectness of (b) for witnesses can also be easily checked by e.g. taking $W$ the SWAP operator.