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Egretta.Thula
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The operation $𝑈|1⟩_𝐴|0⟩_𝐵=|0⟩_𝐴|1⟩_𝐵$$𝑈|\psi⟩_𝐴|\phi⟩_𝐵=|\phi⟩_𝐴|\psi⟩_𝐵$ (swapping the state of the two qubits) is a unitary operation. So, it is a valid quantum operation. It is known in quantum computing as the $\text{SWAP}$-gate and is represented by the matrix $$\text{SWAP} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}$$

On the other hand, cloning means to create an independent and identical copy of an arbitrary unknown quantum state. That is:

$$𝑈|\psi⟩_𝐴|0⟩_𝐵=|\psi⟩_𝐴|\psi⟩_𝐵$$

No-cloning theorem states that such unitary operator $U$ does not exist.

The operation $𝑈|1⟩_𝐴|0⟩_𝐵=|0⟩_𝐴|1⟩_𝐵$ is a unitary operation. So, it is a valid quantum operation. It is known in quantum computing as the $\text{SWAP}$-gate and is represented by the matrix $$\text{SWAP} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}$$

On the other hand, cloning means to create an independent and identical copy of an arbitrary unknown quantum state. That is:

$$𝑈|\psi⟩_𝐴|0⟩_𝐵=|\psi⟩_𝐴|\psi⟩_𝐵$$

No-cloning theorem states that such unitary operator $U$ does not exist.

The operation $𝑈|\psi⟩_𝐴|\phi⟩_𝐵=|\phi⟩_𝐴|\psi⟩_𝐵$ (swapping the state of the two qubits) is a unitary operation. So, it is a valid quantum operation. It is known in quantum computing as the $\text{SWAP}$-gate and is represented by the matrix $$\text{SWAP} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}$$

On the other hand, cloning means to create an independent and identical copy of an arbitrary unknown quantum state. That is:

$$𝑈|\psi⟩_𝐴|0⟩_𝐵=|\psi⟩_𝐴|\psi⟩_𝐵$$

No-cloning theorem states that such unitary operator $U$ does not exist.

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Egretta.Thula
  • 11.8k
  • 1
  • 12
  • 34

The operation $𝑈|1⟩_𝐴|0⟩_𝐵=|0⟩_𝐴|1⟩_𝐵$ is a unitary operation. So, it is a valid quantum operation. It is known in quantum computing as the $\text{SWAP}$-gate and is represented by the matrix $$\text{SWAP} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}$$

On the other hand, cloning means to create an independent and identical copy of an arbitrary unknown quantum state. That is:

$$𝑈|\psi⟩_𝐴|0⟩_𝐵=|\psi⟩_𝐴|\psi⟩_𝐵$$

No-cloning theorem states that such unitary operator $U$ does not exist.